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UCM BIOL 1005 - Human Population

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BIOL 1005 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Video: Arithmetic, Population and EnergyOutline of Current Lecture I. Video Concepts II. Causes of GrowthIII. Factors to ConsiderIV. Demographic Transition ConceptV. US PopulationVI. World Population GrowthVII. Human PopulationVIII. IssuesCurrent LectureI. Video Concepts- Title: Arithmetic, Population, and Energy - Producer: Albert Barleto Increased population and continued growth of finite resources is not sustainableo “Greatest short coming of human race is our inability to understand the exponential function”o We know the dilemma but the moral/ethical issues have kept us from dealing with ito “Unlike previous plagues and diseases, the modern plague of over-population cannot be sustained. We know what we need to do; now we have to have the desire to do it.” II. Causes of Growth- Birthrates and death rates- Growth rate should be controllableThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Factors to Consider- 1. Number of women having children - 2. Number of children born to each woman (fertility rate)o if total fertility rate (number of children born in a woman’s lifetime) is 2.1,human population will stabilize o “zero population growth” o Stabilization will not happen immediately o death rate will decrease as people live longer o may take from 20 to 100 years to stabilize - 3. Social Reasons o Desired family size is determined by religion, tradition, social and economic factors o Male-dominated cultures places high value on women having and raising children (usually when quite young) and litle value on educating women o Birth control only helps if people want to limit the size of their family o Why want a large family? -if infant mortality is high-have children to support you in old age-more family members to earn income - 4. Political Factors o Some countries have population goals or laws and even offer incentives (tax breaks, free birth control).o China has used more political techniques than any other country, and their population is still not stable. IV. Demographic Transition Concept- High standard of living occurs in areas where population growth is small.- Likewise, low standard of living occurs in areas where population growth is high. - has led to the suggestion that countries naturally go through stages (based on European and North American experience) - Can all countries go through this demographic transition?- Those that already have, did so when energy, natural resources and land were abundant because world population was low - Technological development is unlikely to keep up with the large populations now occurring. V. US Population- Exceeds 300 million today. - Low birthrates and growth rates (0.8)0.6% from births, (0.3)% from immigration)o Death rate over birthrateo Just under 1%o Good chunk from immigration- “baby boomer” bulge in the population pyramid. - by 2030, 20% of population will be 65 years old or older. - population size about 420 (383) million by 2050 VI. World Population Growth- Current rate of increase is 1.14% NOW- Current population size is around 7.2 Billion NOW .o Very long lag time o Explosive growth in last 200 years - Doubling Time: how long it take the number to double in sizeo In this case the number represents the populaltion- 70/r- Prediction for 2050??? 9-11 billionVII. Human Population--- Population Trends - Projected to have 7 billion by 2010 - Or 12 billion by 2050 -1.43 - 2003 UN predictions- Low- 7 billion by 2050- Medium- 8.9 billion by 2050- High- 12 billion by 2050- Most of the increase will be in Africa, Asia and Latin America - already have 80% of population - has lowest GNP - has lowest “standard of living” VIII. Issues- famine - political unrest - environmental degradation from poor agricultural practices - water pollution - air pollution - loss of biodiversity - overuse of natural resources Pyramid shape – greater number of pre-reproducers growing older and becoming


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