SPTE 110 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 6 - 11Chapter 6: Youth Sport What was the cause for the increase in girls’ participation in sports?Title IX What are some of the family and society changes affecting the popularity of youth sports?Working mothers, fear of child predators, safe haven for inner city kids, and specialized training. What percent of U.S. children between the ages of 10 and 17 played at least one organized sport in 2005?59%At what age does team sport participation peak?Age 11. What percent of U.S. kids drop out of sport before high school?70% of the 59% who actually played True or False: Girls drop out of sports sooner and in greater numbers than boys. True. Girls tend to enter sports earlier than boys. False. In rural and urban areas, girls participate far less than boys.True. By what percent did extreme or action sports increase by since 1990?600%What are some of the trends of Youth Sport?Decreased physical activity, rising obesity rates, more than 5 hours a day of screen time, altered sport preference. What is the difference between athlete-organized sport and adult-organized sport?Athlete-organized sports are pickup games run by those playing. Lots of action for all players, flexible rules, freedom from adult interference or criticism; participation has significantly declined over the past 20 years.Adult-organized sports are organized sports and leagues run by parents, coaches, and organizations. Focus is on skill development, proper positioning; participation has continued to increase. What is the primary result for the decrease in pickup games?The decrease in physical activity in the United States. Chapter 7: Interscholastic and Intercollegiate SportWhen was the all-time high for U.S. participation in sport? 2008-2009. 55.2% of students participated in high school sports. What are the most popular sports among boys?Football, track, basketball, baseball, and soccer.What are the most popular sports among girls?Track, basketball, volleyball, softball, and soccer. What are the different types of participants in High School sports?Reluctant participants, Image-conscious socializers, and competence-oriented athletes. What are some of the negative socioeconomic effects of participation in high school sport?Schools now implement fee system that reinforces elitism and decreases participation by30%. What is the top sport for both men and women in the intercollegiate level?BasketballWhat is the AIAW?Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women. What is the difference between a head count sport and an equivalency sport?For a head count sport, every person on a scholarship counts as 1. For an equivalency sport, the scholarships are split up. Chapter 8: International SportWhat empire did sport expand with?British Empire. What are some of the issues of globalization?Less nationalistic displays and more commercial displays. Some corporations have larger economies than some countries, and international sports are used as a means to promote the interests of corporate capitalism. What is the NAFTA and the GATTNorth American Free Trade Agreement and the General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeTrue or FalseCorporations are taxed at much lower rate when they move products from country to country.True.It is cost-effective to sell large amounts of goods in wealthy countries and locate production facilities in labor-intensive poor nations.True. What is the most-watched sport event worldwide?The World CupWhat percent of the players in the MLB are international?29%What is the most popular sport in the world?SoccerWhat are the American sports included in the top ten sports worldwide?Volleyball, basketball, and baseball. Chapter 9: Olympic MovementWhere/why did the Olympics start?Greece in 776 BC to honor Zeus. Who competed in the Olympics?Common men competed against soldiers. Women did not compete and were not allowed to watch either.What is the Olympic motto?Citius altius forties—swifter, higher, stronger The IOC (International Olympic committee) oversees how many national Olympic committees?202True or FalseUnited States Olympic committee receives no funding from U.S. government?TrueHow many board members were there in the USOC in 2004? What changed?Until 2004, there were 100 board members but multiple scandals caused government intervention. Now there are smaller committees with annual reporting.What is the USOC Mission Statement?To assist in finding opportunities for every American to participate in sport, regardless of gender, race, age, geography, or physical ability. True or FalseBaseball and softball are currently apart of the Olympics.FalseWhat are some of the proposals for changing the Olympics?Decrease commercialism, eliminate nationalism, ensure drug-free competition, decreasesize and cost of hosting event, and increase security. Chapter 10: Sporting BehaviorWhat is the definition of sporting behavior and sportsmanship?The ethical behavior exhibited by a sportsperson or athlete generally considered to involve participation for the pleasure gained from a fair and hard-fought contest, refusal to take unfair advantage of a situation or of an opponent, courtesy toward one’s opponent, and graciousness in both winning and losing. Who decides what is ethical?Society.According to a survey of 5,275 high school athletes, who is more committed to honesty and fair play, boys or girls?Girls.What sports players indicated inclination of worse behavior?Baseball, football, and basketball players.What percent of males thought it was proper to inflict pain?60%What are Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Reasoning?1. Punishment and obedience2. Pleasure or gain3. Good boy or girl4. Law and Order5. Social Contract6. Principled conscienceWhat are the two types of characters?1. Social character—teamwork, loyalty, work ethic, and perseverance2. Moral character—honesty, fairness, integrity, and responsibilityWhat are some of the barriers to good sporting behavior?Importance placed on winning, intellectual understanding, coaches’ attitudes, parental attitudes, traditions and customs. Chapter 11: Race Ethnicity, and Sport What is the definition of Race, Ethnicity, Racism, and Minority Group?Race: social category constructed and accepted by society to describe members with genetic similarity. Ethnicity: the cultural heritage of a groupRacism: A belief of superiority of one race over another Minority group: in the U.S., all groups except whites. Subject to discrimination. The