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SU HOA 106 - Romanticism
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HOA 106 1nd Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture II. Previously III. Part 1: a World of Hurt a. Hoover b. Bonus ArmyIV. Part 2: Election of 1932a. Franklin Roosevelt V. Part 3: a New Deal for American a. The new deal, 3 R’s b. Emergency banking actc. Federal depository insurance d. CCC, CWA and PWAOutline of Current Lecture VI. America Depressed VII. Elusive Recovery VIII.Part 1: Family Life IX. Part 2: Farmer’s Depression X. Part 3: Hunger Politics Current LectureLife in the Great Depression - America Depressedo Prolonged and massive economic collapseo Widespread popular support for reform o Political shifts in 1932 and 1933o Establishment of the First New Deal, 1933-1934 Experimental and transformative - Elusive Recovery These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Despite the programs of the First New Deal, hardship remains widespreado Relief helps some people, but recovery is slow and uneven o Unemployment never drops below 14% and averages 17% through the 1930s. o Turmoil and discontent continue spread - Part 1: Family Lifeo Depression Hits Home Marriage rates, and divorce rates fall by nearly 25% in 3 years becauseit’s too expensive Couples have fewer children  Anxieties over shifting gender relationships and power dynamics inhouseholds- “Success Ethic” – you were in control of your economic fate,everything relied on you. Many of the unemployed wereembarrassed and did not go out in public. Males felt like theyfailed to provide for their family. o Women and Work  At first, working women lose their jobs at a faster rate than men.  Married women are among first fired Gender-segregated employment actually offers some protections  The economic sectors that are creating jobs are often more likely to befilled by women  Women’s employment levels increase 20% during the decade o Rise of the Teens Americans under 20 years old are hard hit by unemployment  High school enrollment rises dramatically, college attendance grows by50% Foster a new adolescent identity – the “teenager”- Part 2: Farmer’s Depressiono Long Suffering Much of rural America endures old poverty – long standing deprivation  Depression sends more families to farms  But poverty is widespread - Income is $165 a year- Farm incomes plummet o The dust bowl  Farmers in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas had exhausted the soil by the1930s.  Prolonged drought sets in and creates massive dust storms.  Mass migration out of the areas: “exodusters” and “okies” Widespread unrest o Farming Reforms  New Deal reform programs begin to alleviate some of the hardship But recovery is titled towards large land-owners Tenant farmers and share-croppers are left out and often evicted. - Part 3: Hunger Politics o To the extremes Widespread hardship drives a turn to more extreme politics Polarization along racial and class lines Manifests in two major forms:- Exclusion, Radicalism o Hate A growth in white supremacist violence Uptick in the number of lynchings  Growth of white nationalists groups- The black legion in the Midwest- The order of blackshirts in Georgia Campaigns to ensure: “no jobs for negroes until every white man has ajob”o Last-hired, First-fired AA unemployment rate is typically doubled that of white Americans Rampant discrimination in the workforce AA are driven out of traditional areas of employment. o New Deal or Raw deal? Many of the New Deal programs are racially discriminatory. - Housing programs mandate segregation- Relief differentials  Even non-discriminatory programs are run by local officials in anexclusionary way.  Dramatic resistance to efforts to improve black Americans’ quality of lifethrough federal programs. o Repatriados Significant increases in Mexican immigration from 1910-1930 American cities organize campaigns to remove people of Mexicandescent Avg 80,000 “repatriations” every year from 1929-1937 Include more than 200,000 American citizens  Those who remain face persistent exclusion and discrimination o Radicalism  But other Americans embrace a different type of protest Experiment with radical political solutions, especially Communism  Grows with the expansion of the larger Left’s political power andlegitimacyo Red Tide Rising  Communism had been disorganized fringe presence prior to the 1930s Communist Party grows significantly during the Depression- Rejection of capitalism, wide array of activities  Still a marginal presence, but increasingly visible. o A Popular Front  In 1935, the Soviet Union orders the Communist Party to soften itsstance and politics  Members are encouraged to join other organizations to recruit Begin to praise the New Deal and the Roosevelt Administration  Draws in many writers, artists, and social critics. - What does it all mean?o Ongoing economic turmoil creates significant social disruption o Economic hardship persists despite the New Deal reforms o Growing sentiment that the gov’t should be doing much more – or much less. o A new wave of reform is coming the New Deal’s critics are getting


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