MAC 143 1st Edition Lecture 61) Radio Acts a) Radio Act of 1927 and Federal Radio Commission (FRC) i) regulated who could be on and off certain frequencies b) Federal Communication Act of 1934 and Formation of FCC i) FCC in News this week - net neutrality ii) 1934- television and telephone in experimental stage iii) tv signals are through satellite now c) Telecommunications Act of 1996 2) development of commercial broadcasting a) 1919-1921: series cross licensing agreements create Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as gov't sanctioned private monopoly (like At&t) controlled by GE (30%), Westinghouse (21%), AT&T (10%), United Fruit (4%), others (21%) b) implications i) set up corporate rather than government monopoly ii) U.S. gets jump on rest of world (1) only commercial radio service iii) controls of patents and standarized parts (1) navy wanted control the radio because of WWI iv) controlled amateurs and frequency inference c) networks i) at&t and telephone group ii) GE and Radio Group iii) NBC, 1926 (1) NBC red and blue network (2) RCA owned (3) mid 40's (a) too much of a monopoly (b) sold blue network - forms ABC in 1945 iv) CBS, 1927 v) mutual, 1934 3) Radio a) in 1930's and 1940's i) 4-5 stations per market ii) most people listened to most stations iii) stations get content from national networks iv) artists play live music v) programs on at specific times These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.vi) audience loyalty to programs vii) radio a piece of furniture and a family medium viii) large prime-time audience b) Radio Today i) 40-50 stations in big markets ii) most people never listen to most stations iii) radio is mostly local iv) radio relies on recording industry for content v) audience tune in and out (1) "cruising" - don’t know exact times of certain songsand shows vi) radio portable and b/ ground activity (1) miniaturization of bell labs (2) micro processing (3) radio had to go where TV couldn't go to survive vii) specialized target audiences (1) drive time (2) prime time c) how did radio survive? i) radio goes portable (1) bell labs develop transistor in 1947 (2) FM - much better sound ii) FM development unleashed (1) higher fidelity - better quality iii) FCC authorizes more stations iv) rock 'n' roll (1) cheap DJ's and content (2) first time popular culture marketed to young people and teens d) Format - radio develops i) top 40 ii) put programming in hands of managers iii) research audience - study buying habits iv) develop "sound environment" and "rotation" v) "day-parts" and "drive-time" becomes