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MSU ANTY 101D - Primatology and Paleoanthropology

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Primatology & PaleoanthropologyPrimatesPrimate TraitsHuman TraitsHominins v. HominidsBipedalism & AnatomyANTY 101D 1st Edition Lecture 14Primatology & Paleoanthropology -Study of non human primates and human ancestors -Reconstruct primate “evolutionary tree” -Inferences about human ancestors • Biological traits and physical characteristics• Behavior and social organizations -Taxonomic Classification • Order= primates • Based on similar morphology Primates-Lemurs • Found in Madagascar -New v Old World monkeys • Old World Found in Arica and Asia; closer to us genetically • New World found in South America -Asian Apes: Great & Lesser 1• no tail unlike monkeys • closer to us genetically than anything above• Arms much longer than legs • monogamous -African Apes • Closest to us• Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos Primate Traits -Adapted for like in trees; arboreal! -Quadrupedal; except humans • Shoulder joints; collar bones allow them to swing in trees or leap and grab trees to hold on. -Prehensile (grasping) hands & feet • new world monkeys only primates that have grasping tails• opposable thumbs -Vision is predominant sense • need good vision to jump through the trees. Depth perception • Color, stereoscopic (closed eye orbits)-Overall reduction in tooth size and number-Nails instead of claws; sense receptors 2• nails rather than claws help us have a really refined sense of touch • Fingerprints -Sexual Dimorphism • Difference between biological male and biological female• Males usually bigger than females • less common in new world monkeys • Less sexual dimorphism, more monogamy -Intelligence • Largest brain size relative to body size • Adaptations rely on learned behaviors • Social Climbing -birth one offspring at a time (usually!)• Long gestation • post-natal dependency • slow maturity Human Traits -Senses— same as anthropoid monkeys and apes• Projecting Nose and Large Sclera (eye whites) • eye whites help us know where someone is looking for social purposes 3-Bipedalism: only primate• Legs longer than arms • Arched feet, no opposable toe -Unique thumbs; most precise opposability -Teeth: think enamel; small, non-honing canines; arch shaped palette-Less body hair-Reproduction • have sex not just for reproduction • no mating season, not obvious when women are fertile • longest post-natal dependency and maturation -Intelligence/Brain Size (3x) • Reliance on learned behavior, language & cultureHominins v. Hominids -Hominins— includes all Homo Ancestors • Humans and fossil species that walked on two legs -Hominids— includes humans and great apes • DNA reclassification of humans with African apes; Orangs more distantly related Bipedalism & Anatomy 4-Ape pelvic long and thin whereas humans pelvic is like a basket and kneeing in -connects spine at back of skull in apes so when they walk on all fours they can watch where they are going. Our spine is attached in the center of our skull-Quadraped: spine bends, C shaped Biped: S-shaped


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MSU ANTY 101D - Primatology and Paleoanthropology

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