Chem 261 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture: I. EnantiomersII. Chirality CentersIII. Naming EnantiomersIV. DiastereomersOutline of Current Lecture: I. Converting from 2D to 3D images reviewII. Chirality and Enantiomers reviewIII. MescompoundsConverting from 2D to 3D images review:**To be cis, both substituents need to be facing the same side of the plane. To be trans, the substituents must be on opposite planes. Cis 1,2 molecules: Either need an axial (up) and an equatorial up, or an axial (down) and an equatorial down to be considered cisTrans 1, 2 molecules: Either need to both be axial or both be equatorial (one facing up and one facing down)Cis 1, 3 molecules: Both axial or both equatorial (2 axial, 2 equatorial) Trans 1, 3 molecules: One axial (up or down) and one equatorial (opposite facing of axial)Chirality and Enantiomers: -chiral= have an enantiomer-if you have an enantiomer, then you have…1. non-superimposable mirror images AND 2. A chiral carbon (at least one)**chiral carbon = 4 different substituents**any compound that is chiral must have an enantiomer-No chiral carbon = normally achiral-One chiral carbon= chiral -1 or more chiral carbons = maybe chiral Mesocompounds: Def; overall achiral, but has chiral centers. -Plane of symmetry: no enantiomers, and optically inactive**rapid exchange between conformations = loss of optical
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