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UW-Milwaukee KIN 325 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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Divisions of the Human Body and How it MovesWhy Kinesiology?Reference PositionsDivisions and Major Parts of the BodyTerminologyMovements of the bodyJoints and Movement - PlanesPlanes of MotionCardinal Planes of MotionDiagonal Planes of MotionAxes of RotationSagittal PlaneFrontal planeTransverse PlaneDiagonal or oblique axisSkeletal TissuesComponents of Connective TissueOsteologyBone PropertiesBone TypesLongShortFlatIrregular bonesSesamoid bonesFunctions of BonesLong Bone SegmentsBone GrowthEffects of stress on bonesBone MarkingsJoint Classifications & ActionsFunctions of a JointMovements of JointsRange of MotionMovements in JointsAnatomy of a JointSynarthrodial JointsAmphiarthrodial JointsSyndesmosisSymphysisSynchondrosisDiarthrodial JointsMovement at Diarthrodial JointsUniaxial Synovial JointsTrochodial/Pivot JointsGinglymus /Hinge JointsBiaxial Synovial JointsCondyloidal JointsMultiaxial/Triaxial Synovial JointsEnarthrodial/ Ball-and-Socket JointsMultiaxialAnthrodial/ Gliding JointsSellar or Saddle JointsJoint Mobility vs. StabilityPhysiological movements vs. Accessory motionsAccessory MotionsSpin –Roll (rock) –Glide (slide) (translation) –Accessory MotionsPhysiologic MotionKnee Accessory MotionsMuscle Function & ContractionMuscle FunctionLine of PullMuscle ActionsMuscle Fiber ArrangementParallel (longer)Oblique (shorter)Longitudinal vs. PennateMuscle TerminologyTypes of ContractionIsometricIsotonicConcentric ContractionsEccentric ContractionsIsokineticSummary of ContractionsRoles of MusclesAgonist musclesAntagonist musclesFixator/stabilizer:SynergistForce CouplesThe Hip and PelvisFunctional Impact of the PelvisPelvic MovementsHip JointHip Joint CapsuleHip LigamentsHip Ligament ActionsNervesHip BursaeHip musclesThe Trendelenburg gaitHamstringsPiriformisInnervationLumbar plexusSacral plexusKneeBonesKey Bony LandmarksJointsKnee joint proper (tibiofemoral joint)Patellofemoral jointLigamentsAnterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)ACL InjuriesPosterior Cruciate LigamentsFibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)Tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL)JointsInfrapatellar fat padBursaeWhole Knee JointMovement at the KneeKnee alignment/PositioningPathologiesMCL & LCLIT Band syndromeKnee bursitisPatellar DislocationPatellofemoral JointPatellar Femoral PainPatellar TendonitisKnee MusclesQuadriceps musclesQ-angleHamstring muscle groupUnscrew home mechanismFoot and AnkleBetween tibia and fibulaAnkle jointTalocrural JointSubtalar jointMid-Tarsal JointsPronation vs. Supernation (walking)Toe jointsAnkle/Foot LigamentsMedial LigamentsLateral LigamentsHigh Ankle LigamentsArches in the FootCompression of the ArchesPassive StabilizersArch Stabilizing LigamentArch Stabilizers - tendonsPlantar Aponeurosis (Fascia)Foot ArchesNervesPathologies- AnkleAnkle foot musclesAnterior:Lateral:Deep Posterior:Superficial Posterior:Tom, Dick, and very nervous harryHip, Thigh, & Knee MusclesHIPPosterior Abdominal Wall:ILIACUSPSOAS MAJORAnterior ThighTENSOR FASCIA LATA(E) (TFL)SARTORIUSQUADRICEPS FEMORISMedial ThighGRACILISPECTINEUSADDUCTOR LONGUSADDUCTOR BREVISADDUCTOR MAGNUSGluteal Region (Posterior Hip)GLUTEUS MAXIMUSGLUTEUS MEDIUSGLUTEUS MINIMUSPIRIFORMISPosterior thigh muscles (hamstrings)BICEPS FEMORISSEMITENDINOSUSSEMIMEMBRANOSUSBlood Vessels:Nerves:KNEEAnterior thigh muscles (that produce knee movement)Medial thigh muscles (that produce knee movement)Posterior thigh muscles (that produce knee movement)Leg Muscles (that produce knee movement)PLANTARISPOPLITEUSGASTROCNEMIUSBlood Vessels:Nerves:Foot and AnkleLeg MusclesANTERIOR LEGTIBIALIS ANTERIOREXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUSEXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUSFIBULARIS (PERONEUS) TERTIUSLATERAL LEGFIBULARIS (Peroneus) LONGUSFIBULARIS (Peroneus) BREVISPOSTERIOR LEGGASTROCNEMIUS*SOLEUS*PLANTARISPOPLITEUSTIBIALIS POSTERIORFLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUSFLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUSNerves:Intrinsic foot muscles:FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVISQUADRATUS PLANTAEABDUCTOR HALLUCISFLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVISKIN 325 1st EditionExam # 1 Study GuideDivisions of the Human Body and How it MovesWhy Kinesiology?- Kinesiologyo The study of motion or human movement- Anatomic Kinesiologyo The study of the human musculoskeletal system- Biomechanicso The application of mechanical principles or physics to human movement- How is this applicable to you and your chosen profession?- Knowledge & understanding needed to:o Recognize dysfunction in movement patterns and identify correctionso Help younger individuals to become more efficient movers for life skills and/or performanceo Select exercises to strengthen/condition various parts of bodyo Analyze skills or movement of the body to improve technique or performanceReference Positions- Anatomic Positiono Describes the human body in an upright, forward facing position with palms facing up or forwardo Most widely used reference position- Fundamental Positiono Same as anatomic, but with arms at body’s side with palms facing hipsDivisions and Major Parts of the Body- Axial Skeletono Heado Necko Trunk- Appendicular Skeletono UE Shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, hando LE Pelvis, thigh, leg, footTerminology- Specific terminology is utilized to describe anatomical positioning- Used to reference location on body when in anatomical position- May use alone of in combinationo Ex: Posterior vs. posterolateral- Termso Anterior Towards the front Also known as ventral or at hand – volar/palmaro Posterior Towards the back or rear Also known as dorsalo Lateral Farther from midlineo Medial Closer to midlineo Inferior (infra) Below in relation to another structure Also referred to as caudalo Superior (supra) Above in relation to another structure Also referred to as cephalico Distal Farther from the axial bodyo Proximal Closer to the axial bodyo Deep Farther from the surface of the bodyo Superficial Close to the surface of the bodyo Prone Body lying in a downward facing position On stomacho Supine Body lying facing upward On backo Ipsilateral On the same sideo Contralateral Pertaining to or relating to the opposite sideo Bilateral Both sideso Caudal below in relation to another structure; inferioro Cephalic above in relation to another structure; higher, superioro Dorsal relating to the back; being or located near, on, or toward the back, posterior part, or upper surface ofo Ventral relating to the belly or abdomen, on or toward the front, anterior part ofo Palmar relating to the palm or volar aspect of the


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UW-Milwaukee KIN 325 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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