ANSC 303 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Carbohydrates CHOII. Components of Feed CHOa. Cell Contentb. Cell WallIII. Classificationa. Monosaccharideb. Disaccharidec. Oligosaccharided. PolysaccharideIV. Monosaccharidea. Isomerismb. CnH2nOni. Glucoseii. Fructoseiii. Galactoseiv. MannoseV. Disaccharidesa. Lactoseb. Sucrosec. Maltosed. CellobioseVI. Polysaccharidesa. Homopolysaccharidesb. HeteropolysaccharidesVII. Structural Non-CarbohydratesOutline of Current Lecture I. How Are They Digested?a. Celluloseb. Starch These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Lactosed. Lignine. Pectinf. SucroseII. Carbohydrate Digestiona. Monogastric b. RuminantIII. Non-Ruminant CHO Digestion IV. Digestion in Large IntestineV. Carbohydrate AbsorptionCurrent LectureI. How Are They Digested?A. Cellulosea Structuralb Always a part of ADF and NDFc Fermentation onlyd No enzyme developed to break this downe Homopolysaccharidef Glucose bone b 1-4B. Starch a Non structural b Part of cell contentc Homopolysaccharided Glucose bond a 1-4e Enzymatic and fermentation C. Lactosea Non structural b Cell contentc Disaccharide d Glucose and galactosee Enzymatic and fermentationD. Lignina Not a carbohydrateb No digestionE. Pectina Structural b Complete fermentation F. Sucrosea Non-structuralb Cell contentc Enzymatic - fementative digestion d Very rapid fermentationII. Carbohydrate Digestion A. Monogastric a Feed CHO (structural or non)b Digestive enzymesi. SI very good at non-structural c Glucose in small intestinei. Glucose - monogastric fuel d Glucose moves into bloodstreamB. Ruminanta Feed CHO - structural or nonb Microbial fermentation i. Structural and nonc VFA in rumen i. Ruminant fuelii. Aceticiii. Propioniciv. Butryicd Absorption into bloodstreamIII. Non-Ruminant CHO DigestionA. Only monosaccharides are absorbedB. Digestion takes place in SI C. Fed starchesa Amylaseb AmylopectinD. Moutha Salivary a-amylasei. Breaks starches into dextrinii. Small roleiii. Ruminants and horses do not have the enzymeE. Stomach a No enzyme activity for CHO digestionb Low PH alters amylase activities - lowers activity F. Small Intestinea Panreatic a-amylasei. Breaks a 1-4 bond only ii. Polysaccharide broken to disaccharide or monosaccharideiii. Produced in pancreasiv. Secreted in duodenum via pancreatic ductv. Specifically hydrolyzes a 1,4 glycosidic bonds1. B 1-4 is resistant2. A 1-6 is resistantb Brush border enzymesi. Disaccharidesii. Disaccharide to monosaccharideiii. No enzyme for B 1-4 cellobioseiv. Specific for the bondsv. Sucrose -> sucrase -> glucose and fructose (not for ruminants)vi. Maltose -> maltase -> glucose and glucosevii. Isomaltose -> isomaltase -> glucose and glucoseviii.Lactose -> lactase -> glucose and galactose (not in poultry)IV. Digestion in Large IntestineA. Fermentative digestiona Only non-structural carb the escaped SI b Structural CHO (fiber)i. Celluloseii. Hemicelluloseiii. Microbes produce cellulase1. Hydrolyzes B 1-4 bondsiv. Microbial action on fiber1. VFA - end productV. Carbohydrate Absorption A. Only monosaccharides absorbedB. (newborns = exception)C. Absorptive capacity a Duodenum, jejunum > ileum, LI D. Selective absorption enterocytea Glucose preferredi. Active transportii. SGLT-1b Galactose i. Active transportii. SGLT-1c Fructose i. Facilitated