BIO 1150 1st Edition Lecture 12Topic Discussed: ReproductionReproductive systemAsexual-produces and identical offspring (clone)• Also called parthenogenesis• Ie. Yeast, bacteria and roots• Haploid- 1 set of chromosomes• Diploid- 2 sets of chromosomesParthenogenesis- gamete development without fertilization• Sexual reproduction- 2 gametes meiosis offspringSome animals can reproduce sexually or asexually (ie. Planarians)• Sexual reproduction contributes to high genetic diversity and facilitates adaptation• Asexual reproduction allows parents to give full genetics to offspring and makes courtship irrelevant• Female- associated with organism producing larger gametes• Male/female- not associated with certain pattern of sex chromosomesFor humans• Homogametic- girl (ie. XX chromosomes)• Heterogametic- boy (ie. XY chromosomes)Hermaphroditism- both male and female gametes• Hormones that control reproductive function• Loops between hypothalamus, pituitary and the testes/ovaries“Indifferent phase” reproductive organs being the same in early embryonic stagesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Default condition is to femaleness• Hormones stay at basically the same levels until pubertyTestes-produce sperm and secrete testosterone, are divided into lobules• Primary sex organs- gametes and sex steroids• Secondary sex organs- organs (ovaries etc.)• Secondary sexual characteristics- breasts etc.• Semen- male reproductive cell• Seminifirous tubules-produce sperm, in lobules, cite of sperm maturationSperm maturation requires testosterone• Leydig- interstitial cells, in between seminiferous tubules, production of testosterone• Sertoli cells- nurse cells- produce compounds that help maturation of sperm (Androgen binding proteins)Sperm development associated with hormones• GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) hypothalamus, this is a peptide hormone, and stimulates LH and FSH release• LH (luteinizing hormone) anterior pituitary glycoprotein, stimulates leydig cellsSperm production- controlled by
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