AMCULT 208 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 – 12Beats, Hippies and Punks Study Guide1. CONTACT2. discernment/identification: what is this, who is this, going to try to identify what you’re having contact with3. feeling: after you identify what it is, what do you feel about it, like it, don’t like it, or ambivalence4. intention: create some sort of intention5. action: you end up acting on your intentionthen you make another contactPoints of Contacto the expressive channels of hip: language, religion, song, dance, sexEuropean Americans and Africans have CONTACT, they IDENTIFY that there is something that holds them apart, their FEELING is that they must find a way to “work the system”, their INTENTION is to pick and choose the elements of each other’s cultures that works for them, their ACTION is the borrowing… take certain elements from each other and shape them according to their needs.Language: one of the first developments that would eventually have an impact on the creation of Hip was Black Englisho circumlocution rather than exact definitiono language in this sense, became a code of description for slaveso Hip talk is Bohemian implied, “a strategy for multiplying meaning”o the African Wolof verb hep means “to see” and their verb hip means “to open one’s eyes” means to know, to have inner knowledge, to have understanding of universe with having it explained to you, to be enlightenedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. as the word worked its way into common colloquial usage to mean “someone in the know”o The term “dig” comes form similar root: Wolof verb deg means “to understand”As does the word “jive”” Wolof verb jet means “to talk falsely or disparagingly”Religion: In West African culture there is no separation between the spiritual and secular as we tend to do in the Christian world1. Yet the stories within Christianity are not unique to it, and like, folklore, have similarities with religious traditions around the world2. Saves who were converted to Christianity would bring the familiar tales to other slaves who would combine their traditions3. folk magic and biblicalSex: wide range of sexual encounters between slaves and male owners1. male slave owners having sex with female slaves: Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings. he owned her, she was in love with him2. female slave owners were also known to take slave lovers: this in part, accounted for the myths about Black male sexual prowess Which resulted in: Harsher repression and violence Fodder for stories and songs among the slaves, after you have sex you talk o found out they had things in commono and probably contributed to Black ideas about the value of light skinned Black womenBasic TermsEthnocentrism: the belief that your culture does things “right” and anyone who differs from youis wrong and probably needs to be correctedCultural Relativity: not the idea that all cultures are equal to each other, but rather that every culture must be evaluated in its own content, not in comparison to ours or anyone else’sStyle: very important concept, form of ethnocentrism.. style is the outward manifestation of… substanceSubstance: how much, and what kind of meaning is inherent in the things we do STYLE and SUBSTANCE are ALWAYS in a constant state of negotiation in everything we do.History: “the story of the political elite”Historicity: this is a term coined by one of Bruce’s mentors, the late historian Richard Mercer Dorson, who used it to describe the story of everybody else not covered by historyComparative Analysis: simply the idea of comparing one thing to anotherCultural Materialism: describes when the material factors of a culture serve as the causes of sociocultural differences between that culture and othersMainstream culture is not “hip”, without mainstream culture, the idea of hipness cannot exist. Hipness can only exist in opposition to something else.America has always been propagated by the important contradiction:- holds the idea of the pursuit of happinesso paradox: “individualism vs conformity”,o dicotemy between individualism and conformity we are building a brand new nation, creating a democracy unlike anythingthat has ever been created before, so we needed conformity- incredible contradiction: America is propagated by schizophreniao “be an individual, but not too much of an individual”o if you don’t conform the way we conform, you become an outcast- If you’re truly hip, you don’t need to belong to a club because whatever you do, wherever you are, is the place to be and the thing to be doingHip has had at least several convergences in American history.- 19th century convergence of blacks and whiteso The minstrel showo The Original gangstas (pioneers o’ pioneers)o The blues- Early 20th century convergence of country and cityo blacks moving northo ex-pats went to europeo jazz began- Post WWII music (bop) and literature (beat) combine- Urban decay and the DIY movemento punk, hip hop, zones- The 80s technology/internet- NowMost of the early slaves were not directly from Africa, but rather were “Atlantic Creoles”: slaves from the sugar plantations in the Caribbean and Brazil- They were, therefore, of mixed culture and mixed race. o They were far hipper than we gave them credit for. - In Brazil they are exposed to different religions and cultures and music, by the time they get to North America, they are quite hip and are far more knowledgable than we give them credit for. o They have been exposed to many new things and bring culturally to North America a tremendously diverse culture- Smaller farms meant slave and slave owner lived in closer proximity to each other, since owners had to pay for slaves they were a valued commodityo The interaction of the two groups: Africans and Europeans created hipHip comes not from a single cultural reference, but as a result of at least two cultures trying to negotiate life with one another,- no single race or group owns, or can lay claim to, any cultural producto Therefore, this idea of white men parodying, or imitating in a satirical fashion may actually have been the only way that whites could actually admit that African Americans had traits hat they not only admired, but coveted.- African-Americans have always lived on the edge of