PSY 223 1st Edition Lecture 11Play Years - Early ChildhoodPhysical and Cognitive DevelopmentPhysical Changes- Increases in height and weight continue - Loss of baby fat - baby fat decreases while muscle increases- Changes in proportion - gain adult-like proportionsEating Habits- Require fewer calorieso children know when they have had enough to eat- Lack of nutrition - The sugar problemo So many things have sugar, even soups and things that you wouldn't expect. People expect children to be hyper when given sugar but it's mostly a myth. Sugar doesn't actually create attention all issues and problems within children to the degree that many discuss - Just so phenomenon- o when children want things to be a very specific way, and when the ruleis violated there can be a melt down. This is a way in which children are trying to exert some level of control over their environment o Ex.) A child deciding that he will only eat sandwiches when cut diagonally Dealing with Picky Eaters- Respect a child's appetite- Stick to a Routine- Be patient- Make it fun- Recruit your child's help- Set a good example- Be sneaky- Minimize distractions- Don't offer dessert as a reward- Do not be a short order cook- 5-10 exposures before children like a new food Brain development: Ages 3-6- Myelination continues - Coordination of hemispheres - Prefrontal cortex- Limbic systemCorpus Callosum- Connects the 2 hemispheres - Right – holistic, intuitive, nonverbal, “big picture”- Left – linear, logical, verbal, detail-orientedPrefrontal cortex develops- Sleep becomes more regular - Emotion regulation improves- Inhibition improves- Attention improvesThe limbic system- Expression and regulation of emotion- Three major parts- Amygdala- Hippocampus- HypothalamusImproving motor skills- Gross motor skills- Fine motor skillsPiaget: Pre-operational Thinking- Between ages of two and six- Language development- Imagination - Logic not completely onlinePre-operational Obstacles- Centration- focusing on one idea and excluding all other things- Egocentrism-not understanding that other people have different perspectives- Focus on appearance- Static reasoning - not understanding that what is now is not what was before- Irreversibility- not knowing what can be reversed and what cannot- Incomplete understanding on conservation- not applying all the information to some