SOC 100 1st Edition Lecture 8Deviance, Conformity, and Social ControlConstructionist approach: A sociological approach that focuses on the way specific groups, activities, conditions, or artifacts become defined as problems. Disciplinary society: A social arrangement that normalizes surveillance, making it expected, and routine. Folkways: Norms that apply to the mundane aspects of details of daily life. Ex: how one should look, eat, etc. Formal sanctions: Expressions of approval or disapproval backed by laws, rules, or policies that specify , usually in writing, the conditions under which people should be rewarded or punished and the procedures for allocating rewards and administering punishments. Illegitimate opportunity structures: social settings and arrangements that offer people the opportunity to commit particular types of crime Informal sanctions: spontaneous, unofficial expressions of approval or disapproval that are not backed by the force of laws. Ex: ppl making fun of a women wearing a skirt showing her unshaven legs. Innovation: The acceptance of cultural goals by the rejection of the legitimate means to achieve them. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Mores: norms that people define as critical to the well being of a group. Violation of mores can result in severe forms of punishment. Primary deviants: those people whose rule breaking is viewed as understandable, incidental, or insignificant in light of some socially approved status they hold. Pure deviants: people who have broken the rules of a group and are caught, punished, and labeled as outsiders. Retreatism: The rejection of both culturally valued goals and the means of achieving them. Sanctions: reactions of approval r disapproval to other behavior or appearance. Ritualism: the rejection of cultural goals but a rigid adherence to the legitimate means of achieving them. Secondary deviants: those whose rule breaking is treated as something so significant that it cannot be overlooked or explained away. Ex of formal positive sanctions; awarding trophies, cash bonuses, diplomas. Ex of formal negative sanctions: tickets, fines, prison sentences. Claims makers: people who articulate and promote claims and who tend to gain in some way if the targeted audience accepts their claims as true. Claims making activities: actions taken to draw attention to a claim, such as demanding services, filling out forms, lodging complaints, filing lawsuits, boycotts, etc. Structural strain: a situation in which there is an imbalance between culturally valued goals and the legitimate means to obtain