DOC PREVIEW
UB NUR 250 - Exam 1 Study Guide

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4-5-6 out of 19 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

NUR 250 1st Edition Exam #1 Study GuideREFRENCE: Exam 1 Study Guide, Dunn &Graig, and Class Lecture/PowerPointNSG 250 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE: Human Growth and Development Growth • Qualitative growth-unmeasurable things, like • life experiences, happiness, sadness, etc.• Quantitative growth- measurable things, like• height, BMI, weight, Height• Head circumference• Organ maturation• Question: is human growth and development quantitative or qualitative? • Answer: Quantitative (growth curve)• Human growth is quantitative-can be measuredGrowth patterns changes over time• Rapid increase in infants and children• Decrease in physical size in aging• Organ degeneration with age• LIFE SPAN- is defined as the period between conception to death.Principles of Growth and Development • Directionality• Cephalocaudal Trend-head to toe. The head is the largest proportional to the rest of the body) in fetuses, neonates and infants. Developmentally, they gain head control first before being able to sit, crawl or stand.• Proximodistal Trend-Middle of the body Outward. Example: Infant uses whole arm to grab v. pincer grasp which develops later. Bones and muscles develop nearthe center of the body first• Gross to specific trend- using large unrefined movements to do a task. Example:The child learning to color uses whole arm, head, mouth gestures whichrefine as the child matures and uses his fingers and hands• Orderliness- There is an order to the process. Example. Language-start with coos, babbles, monosyllabic words, single words to 2-3 word sentences, fully conversational and articulate to loss of words and memory of language to a decrease in articulation.• Dynamic- occurs without external interventions. Something that happen to change an individual for good/bad• Unique- differences in individuals/what make you difference. To each individual, biligual, cultural practices• Differentiation-• Simple-complex• General-specificVariation in body system growth• Neurologic system: Maturational development and decline• Body size: Growth curves 5th -95th %• Endocrine: Sexual characteristicsGROWTH CURVE• INVOLUTION-is the regressive alterations of a body or its parts characteristic of the aging process• Anabolic: positive growth• Catabolic: negative growth• ABCD: Anabolic, Birth, Catabolic, Death PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH• Linear Growth: slow and steady• Example: School-aged child, toddlers, preschoolers• Exponential Growth: rapid acceleration; • Example: fetus, infants, adolescents• Negative Growth: failure to thrive; catabolic growth; due to:• organicinbalance- due to illness • marasmus- disease caused by deficient energy source. • kwashiorkor –type of severe malnutrition caused by insufficient protein.Process of change Maturation-is a key component of growth and heavily influenced by biological influences. Learning -on the other hand infers that what is learned is by a person’s interaction with their environment in the context of their biological abilities. Eg. Learning to ride a bike is a learned behavior but it is dependent on a child’s ability to achieve balance, physical strength and brain function. Describe ‘we don’t know what we don’t know’Developmental Stages: •Children• Pregnant female•• Prenatal period: 0-birth• Infancy: Birth to 24 months• Neonate: 0-4 weeks• Infant: 4 weeks-1 year• Toddler: 1year-2 -3 years• Early Childhood: 2-3 years-5-6 years• School-aged or Middle Childhood: 6-12 years• Adolescences: 12years-18-21 years• Early• Middle • Late•Adults• Young Adult: 18-21yrs to 40 years• Middle Adult: 40years to 60-65 years• Older Adult: 60-65 years to deathDEVELOPMENT- “Changes over time in physical structure, thought, or behavior of a person as a result of both biologic and environmental influences.”Conceptual Framework for the Developing Individual• Process by which the individual Changes: growth, maturation, learning, involutionInteractive Approach-inputGenetically we have 23 chromosome pairs that are autosomal or sex linked. They genetically predispose our physical, cognitive and emotional characteristics. Some chromosomes are related to disease process. Internal factors: metabolism, function of organs, and secretions and their efficiencyExternal factors: Are we able to feed ourselves, get proper rest, hydrate? Do we have a support system?Can we forage for food? Do we have the money to buy food, shelter, medicine healthcare.The question is “How do these stimuli impact on the developmentalexpression-the point of “Who we are and how we move through the lifespan”.WHAT ARE THE THREE DEVELOPMENTAL DOMAINS• Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial• PHYSICAL DOMAIN-those changes that involve changes in physical shape and size, as well as changes in the brain structure, sensory capabilities and motor skills• Output• Physical Growth/Body Structure and Function• Homeostasis: steady state of health/body in balance • Hormones • Height/Weight/BMI/Head Circumference• Organ maturation: • Development, Decline• Health Risks for morbidity and mortality• Sexual Maturity • Anabolic and Catabolic changes to: hair, skin, dentition, general appearance• Sleep Pattern• Amount, quality, dreams, sleep rituals, changes over time • Elimination: rituals, anabolic/catabolic changes in pattern• Grooming- rituals/unique habits, style of dress, anabolic/catabolic changes, routines• Lifestyle habits impacting on life status• Internal vs. External Stimuli• INTERNAL STIMULI • HABITUAL RESPONSES- habit that we do all the time• Eating/diet behavior • Elimination• Unique habits- e.g. tongue sucking • Sleep patterns• HABITUATION- ceasing to attend or respond to repetitive stimulation• Motor Behavior• Reflex to Voluntary- immature responses• Fine Motor Skills- those skills that involve the use of the hands and fingers to perform intricate movements e.g. writing • Gross Motor Skills- using large muscle to do large things. E.g. walking, running• strength/endurance/behavior• exercise routines• Ability to provide or secure material goods• Stage One• Alpha and Theta wave, where we almost like day dream and we almost fall asleep. On this stage you also experience hypnogogic hallucinations where you think you hear something such as someone calling your name or


View Full Document

UB NUR 250 - Exam 1 Study Guide

Download Exam 1 Study Guide
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Exam 1 Study Guide and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Exam 1 Study Guide 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?