MUCO 120 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 17Lecture 1 (January 9)1.) Which element of music is associated with tempo and meter?Rhythm 2.) What is a melody?A series of notes or pitches.3.) What is the difference between a major scale and a minor scale?A major scale sounds brighter, while a minor scale sounds more dramatic.Lecture 2 (January 12) 1.) Define riff.Riff is a short phrase used as a building block, usually built around the melody.2.) What means two or more pitches or notes played at the same time?Harmony3.) What is a chord?A chord is three or more notes or pitches played at the same time.4.) What is the difference between consonance and dissonance?Consonance occurs when the harmony sounds open, while dissonance occurs when the harmonies create tension and clash.5.) What affect does a compressor have on music?A compressor squashes the dynamics of modern music and makes the volume level equal across the song. It also makes the overall song louder than past music.6.) What is tone color, or timbre?Tone color is the quality of a sound.Lecture 3 (January 14)1.) What are the four rock forms discussed in class?- Simple verse: common in country music- Simple verse-chorus: common in country music- Contrasting verse-chorus: common in today’s music- AABA: was common in the past, but not today2.) In which genre does Lucinda Williams fit?She doesn’t fit into a certain category. No one really knows where to put her. She has won Grammies for best country song, best contemporary folk album, and best female rock performance.Lecture 4 (January 16)1.) How did John Mayer get noticed by record labels?He played at South by Southwest.2.) For what is Mayer known?He is known for his blues guitar playing.3.) Who are some people that impacted John Mayer?James Taylor, Buddy Guy, and Stevie Ray Vaughan4.) Uncle Tupelo split, and some of their band members formed what band?Wilco5.) Wilco experimented with what genres?Alternative country, indie rock, prog rock, psychedelic rock, and electronic rock.6.) Which album of Wilco’s did they experiment with short wave radio broadcasts?Yankee Hotel FoxtrotThe record label did not want to release it because the album did not contain singles. This news was leaked, and the record company released the rights of the album to Wilco. A different branch of this same company bought the record. 7.) What did OutKast do for music?OutKast is an Atlanta based group that made a name for Southern hip hop. They performed rap, funk, pop, and rock.Lecture 5 (January 21)1.) Where did the banjo originate?The banjo originated from ekonting in Africa. It is made out of a drum and metal ring. Bluegrass banjos came about in the 1930’s, have a back, and pick the strings to play.2.) What is the term clawhammer?Clawhammer is a way to play the banjo. You hammer on the strings with the backs of your fingernails.3.) What are the three main roots of rock ‘n’ roll?Pop, R&B, and country4.) What set the standard for topics and how to put lyrics together?The Ballad Tradition5.) What is the Fiddle Tradition?Musicians played dance music with fiddles.6.) What are blackface minstrel shows?These shows feature white musicians, comedians, and actors who paint their faces black and perform. This is the first instance of white musicians playing black musical styles mixed with white musical styles. These shows consisted of the banjo and fiddle being played together. They performed shows broadcasting racial stereotypes. 7.) Who is one blackface minstrel character?Jim Crow8.) Who was Stephen Foster?He was a popular songwriter for blackface minstrel shows.9.) Who used minstrel humor to make fun of their own hillbilly stereotypes?String BandsLecture 6 (January 23)1.) What are the Bristol Sessions?The “Big Bang” of country music2.) What was Victrola?Victrola was a furniture store that held a 10-day session for people who wanted to record music.3.) Who were the three musicians that were signed to a record label because of Victrola?- The Carter Family: “The First Family of Country Music”- Jimmie Rodgers: “The Father of Country Music”- Hank Williams4.) For what is Tin Pan Alley known?It is known for Tin Pan Alley Pop and the sheet music industry.5.) Who are some people known from Tin Pan Alley?Judy Garland (“Somewhere over the Rainbow”), Irving Berlin (songwriter), and Bing Crosby (crooner)6.) What affect did Congo Square have on the music industry?Slaves were able to come together and play music. This saved African American musical styles.Lecture 7 (January 26)1.) List the eight African-American musical elements and what they are.- Rattle and buzz: dirtying the sound- Improvisation: make it up as you go- Call and response: back and forth between two different vocals or vocals and instruments.- Polyrhythms: makes use of two or more rhythms- Rhythmic syncopation: puts a rhythmic emphasis somewhere besides the downbeat- Swing feel: the music is played loosely with the rhythm; sound like transitioning between notes- Blue notes: notes that in dissonance with each other, bent notes, and notes in between notes- Blues scales: a scale that contains dissonance and that specific blues feel2.) What is mbira?It is an instrument used in African-American music to create the rattle and buzz sound. It is made up of a gourd and metal string. It is called a thumb piano in the western world.3.) What is the back beat?It is an example of rhythmic syncopation. It places the emphasis opposite of the downbeat.Lecture 8 (January 28)1.) For what were work songs used?Work songs were used for people to synchronize their work and communicate.2.) What is the religious music of the plantation days called?Spirituals3.) Who is Robert Johnson?He was known as “The King of the Delta Blues.” Johnson was well-respected but not popular. He was an authentic country blues musician and became a hero of the rock ‘n’ roll world. He is known for slide guitar. There is a mythology about his guitar skills; he traded his soul to the devil to become a better guitar player. 4.) Who were the Tennessee Chocolate Drops?They were a black string band from Knoxville. One of the members Howard “Louie Blue” Armstrongplayed the fiddle. He sang and spoke in several languages because of the diversity of this town in the late 1800s. He like to play several genres of music, not just the blues. Carl Martin played the mandolin.Lecture 9 (January 30)1.) Who played a significant role in the birth of jazz?Louis Armstrong2.)