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UB PHI 237 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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PHI 237 1st EditionExam # 1 Study GuideThomson’s Arguments in “ A Defense of Abortion”- Pro Life  Against Abortion- Pro Choice  Make choices just so you can have a choice1. T. Thinks pro lifers are hasty and being economical – “ fetus may be person like you and I but still unjust to kill it “- What makes us the essence of being person?o Having certain aspects of psychology, personality; having consciousness; anatomy of human beingo There can be non-human persons  g-d, angelo Have a will  free willo **Ability to think critically and remember memories and experiences** Being to self remember what happened in the past and futureo Person has a special type of soul- When does human being become a person?o Around 9 months2. Get bogged down over what a person is and if and when a fetus are a person- A potential has less moral status than a person- What is moral status of a potential person?3. T. Wants to pretend that fetus have same moral status of person4. T. Says times when person be killed and abortion is one of them5. T. Says that fetus is a human being and a person has rights to life. Talks about doing it in the rightwayRape Induced Pregnancy7. Few polices believe that women do not have right to control body- When someone’s life is at stake there are limits- Weigh out which is a greater of two harms  then choose lessero 1) Loose Lifeo 2) Loose 9 months of liberty and right of your body- T. Compares pro life choice to violin to abortion 12. T. Aware that your were held against will in rape induced pregnancy 13. T. realizes that pro lifers will make exception for rape-induced pregnancy- Uncomfortable position for pro lifers- Pro lifers make exception in rape  abortion unjustThought Experiments- Can think clearly of issue without preconception- Very hard to imagine a fetus as a person and imagine it thinking- Puts a different perspective and makes the violinist an attainable idea- Helps men grasp the dilemma- Emotional baggageThe Nature of Thought Experiments- Men can never become pregnant- Many women have not been pregnant- You imagine yourself kidnaped  unwanted burden- Imagine it thinking, imagine the acts in the womb and if its easier to kill an un-living person- Thought experiments are useful- Put us in touch with our deepest values14. Distortional features are morally irrelevant- Distortional features – casually affecting us  ways upon reflection morally relevant, shouldn’t affect uso Ex) late abortions, baby seals beaten and clubbed, appearance- CONTROVERSIAL CASE – Thomson has us too sympathetic and siding with the mother because you were held against willo Siding with women who has been raped- Rarity of thought experiment that you will never need such support- One persons distortion feature may be thought as morally relevant from someone else- What can distort someone’s judgment?- Morally Relevant features  morally relevant due to someone’s well being harms, burden, flourishing with life and death, satisfy, what are our intentionso Shouldn’t be hurting your judgmento No distortional features- To detach the violinist because don’t owe them something but fetus is attached  morally relevant featureo We owe our family things, we don’t owe strangerso ** One persons morally relevant features will be someone else’s distortional features**- Morally Relevant – o The violinist already had life but the fetus hasn’t been kept to term- No risks with supporting violin but there are risks with supporting childo No health issues with being attached to violinist’s but health risks with fetus- ** Special obligations – owe more to family than strangers **- Burden differ - smaller violinist- Difference in loss – future - younger violins- Dying vs. Health- **Letting die vs. Killingo Make violinist someone related to youo Obligations have moral force Ex) Child Supporto Disconnecting violinist lets them dieo Big moral dilemma 1) Intention / motives  might be morally equivalent 2) BurdenThought Experiments cont.- T. Says that they are morally equivalent  whenever one is bad the other is bad and when one isgood the other one is goodo Killing / letting die are morally equivalento Show us how to isolate moral beliefso Remove differences in attention and burden- Good thought experiments get you clear of moral beliefso Trying to get clear of moral commitments and what we are like o Killing someone is deliberately is worse than deliberately letting someone die- Fetus isn’t viable for 6 months after conception  Roe V. Wade o Cut off from the mother- Viability o 1. Grace Periodo 2. Shape / Appearance o Peoples attitudes to viability are not morally significant 15. Thought experiments are unrealistic - Don’t think of alternative opinions16. Don’t suggest to choices of what’s present- Interested in learning what principle overrides intention- Isolate ride and duty- Want thought analysis to be morally realistic18. Can bring in differential factors that are meant to be considered19. Pro-lifers will show different facts- Killing is worse than letting dieLife Threatening Pregnancy20. Never permissible to intentionally directly kill a human being- * Gets complicated*- Cant justifyo Lesser burden / greater harm22. Worse to intentionally kill and die23. Can kill an innocent human being who’s going to kill you - Need to distinguish killing vs. murdero Killing violinist to save your life is justifiableo Murder is unjustifiable killing- Fetus there because of something mom did o She put fetus in the predicament- Responsible vs. Blameworthyo Sense of responsibilityo Shouldn’t be blamed for having sex24. * Dr. should be neutral because it’s the mothers body*o The fetus is somewhere it should be25. Women’s body  fetus is using hero Property rights o Women’s body  3rd party take side27. T. Says that the fetus has right to life but mom and authorized doctor cant kill it unjustUnwanted Pregnancies Due to Consensual Sexo 98% of abortions comes from thiso Not going to die and did something willinglyo Women responsible for fetus predicament28. T says there are cases and just because you did something doesn’t mean that you accept all consequences and taking care of themo Doesn’t have right to stay thereo Doesn’t follow doesn’t mean to voluntarily accept consequences29. Faulty window burglary responsibleo Didn’t trust himo He’s responsible for being thereo People aren’t


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