MC 101 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Test Date: February 23rd 2015Test 2 Study GuideThis study guide includes everything that he said would be important in class for the test.Chapter 5: MagazinesStags of Media Development: Magazines TEST- Elite: for riches and best educated- Popular: Mass audience takes advantage - Specialized: Tends to demassify, breaking up into segments for audience members of diverse andspecialized First Magazines TEST- Germany 1663: Edifying Monthly Discussions - England 1704: The Review, Daniel Defoe - America 1741: American Magazine, Andrew Bradford; General Magazine, Benjamin Franklin TEST- Start within 3 days of each other, both fall in 6 months- 1776: 100s had started and failed Early American Magazines T- Specialized Magazines: Late 1700s, Early 1800s; Based on religion, literature, farming, doctors, lawyers, teachers- 1825: <100 in US; 1850>600- Woman’s Magazines: Key Specialized: o Ladies magazines, 1828, Sarah Josepha Hale o Goodey’s Lady’s Book, 1830, Louis Goodey, bought ladies magazine, color illustrationso Lead to others, like ladies home journal 1883 Muckrakers and Social Change TEST- John Bunyun’s Pilgrim’s Progress- Muckrakers: Investigative journalism conducted with the goal of bringing social reform TEST- McClure’s Magazine, Ida Tarbell, Standard Oil monopoly (1902) - Lincoln Steffen’s Shame of the Cities (1904) - Upton Sinclair, The Jungle - Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906, Sherman Anti-Trust Act Keys to Magazine Development TEST- Universal Education - Postal Act of 1879- Rural Free Delivery in 1890s - Paper Costs; wood pulp - Printing technology: Linotype, rotary press- RailroadsMass Circulation Magazines TEST- Cultural Magazines: New Yorker, Harold Ross 1925- Pulps, True Confessions, Cheap Paper and low cultural reach - News magazines: Time, Henry Luce 1923, Others: Fortune, Sports Illustrated- Digests: Literary Digest, Reader’s Digest 1922 by Dewitt and Lila Wallace - Photojournalism, photo essay: Look, Life - Magazines were US national medium until 1920s; advent of radio Types of Magazines TEST- 22,000 total print periodicals in the US - Consumer: 4,000- Trade: 8,000- Public Relations: 10,000- Others: Journals, Comic Books, and Zines - Only 160 are majors: circulation over 500,000 and revenues over 1 million; all are consumer Consumer Magazines TEST- Any magazine that advertises and reports on consumer products and the consumer lifestyle - Publish 3 times a year, at least 3,000 general readers (non-business), at least 16 pages of editorial content - Bacon’s Magazine Directory: 225 market classifications Trade Magazines TEST- Magazines that focus on a particular business and are usually essential reading for people in thatbusiness - Advertise products and services that those industries need- EX: equipment world, overdrive Public Relations Magazines TEST- Magazines produced with the objective of making their parent organization look good - Target a corporation or institution’s employees, customers, stockholders, or dealers- Enhance the corporation or institution’s prestige - HogTales (Harley Owners Group); BMW Magazine (BMW buyers); MacDonald Douglas Retiree Magazine The Players: The Publisher (test)- Person or corporation - Entrepreneurs: with strong interest; Jan Wenner Rolling Stone - 500-1000 launched a year, 20% survive to year 2- Often sell to corporation - Mission statement: a brief explanation of how the magazine will be unique and what will make itsuccessful - Celebrity publishers: Martha Stewart, Oprah - Corporate Publisher: Family Circle by Piggly Wiggly; Woman’s Day A&P (test)- Sponsored Magazines: Published by associations: National Geographic, AARP The Magazine (test)Staff (test)- Publisher: Runs the company - Editorial o Editor (Editor in Chief, Executive Editor o Section editors o Copy editorso Writers (reporters) o Free lance writers; contributing Editor (high paid free lance writers) - Business o Advertising (and research); cost per thousand (CPM) and audit bureau of circulation (ABC)  Audit how many people see ads and verify it o Production: Coordinates printing, typically outside printers: computerized o Promotion: in-house and outside publicityo New Product Development: generate innovative alternative sources of revenue, known as brand extensionso Better Home and garden license to greeting cards, real estate service, garden centers o Mobile applications now new focus - Circulation – findings and keepings subscribers manage the subscriber list and promote single-copy sales (test)o Blow=in cards: post-card size boxes with subscription solicitation o Subscription fulfillment companies: businesses that specialize in soliciting magazine subscriptions: Publishers clearing house o Split-run editions: versions of same magazine  Breaking audience apart by some variable and sending out different versions of magazines out to different people o Demographic editors: versions based on different demographic characterizes o Regional editions: versions based on different geographic areas o Paid circulation magazines: readers actually pay subscriptions fees and newsstand charges; people TESTo Controlled circulation magazines: magazines are sent free to readers who qualify; ex. Overdrive TESTThe Reader (test)- 90% of American adults read 12 issues a month on average- Higher income, education read more - Pass-along circulation: Readership beyond the original purchaser of a publication - High magazine, low TV; magazine reading is increasing - Involvement: 95% of US adults cite magazines as primary source of insights and inspirations - Research key: Ex. Internal, Simmons Market Research Bureau, Mediamark Research Inc. Chapter 6: Newspapers & News Licensing and Seditious Libel TEST- Boston News-letter; published by authority of colonial government; licensing - New England courtant; 1721 w/o “by authority” - After licensing; establish seditious libel laws - Laws established by colonial America that made it illegal to criticize government or its representatives Zenger Trial TEST- John Zenger, New York Weekly - Imprisoned for seditious libel in 1735 by Gov. William Cosby- Anna Zenger took over during trial- Major change: Truth as a defense- Officially sanctioned in 1791 in first amendment - Affect course of American journalism and news Ethnic Press TEST- Foreign-Language Press: German, French, Swedish, Spanish - Native American Press: Cherokee Phoenix 1828, bilingual newspaper by Elias Boudinot-