FWF 250 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Dr. Richard Strange’s Fish ConservationA. Spring ChinookOutline of Current Lecture I. Fisheries ConservationA. Streams and RiversCurrent Lecture Fisheries Conservation – Streams and Rivers- Tennessee is extremely diverse.- Some regions of Tennessee:o Ridge and valley – includes Knoxvilleo Blue ridge mountains – East TNo Cumberland – includes Cookevilleo Central basin – middle TNo Upper gulf coastal plan – west TN- Coldwater streams of the Appalachians to oxbows and sloughs of the MS River- There are 76 species of crayfish, 99 species of aquatic snail, 130 species of freshwater mussels, and over 325 species of fish. - Springs have flowing water, usually from rock.- Seeps have a trickle of water, usually from soil.- Headwater starts from mountains.- Rivers naturally meander (wind/bend).o They are s-shaped and become six times the width of the channel.o Rock, clay, and sand lie at the bottom of the rivers.o Particle deposition occurs when the river doesn’t have enough energy to move the materials.- Rivers and streams are naturally vegetated.- Terms for a stream include creak and branch; however, it is usually called a stream. You can wade across a stream.- A tributary is a feeder stream.- A cascade is a small waterfall.- For a waterfall, the drop must be at least five feet tall.- Coldwater bodies of water are not very diverse.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is bestused as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The Tennessee River flows into the Ohio River.- Stream measurements help to compare rivers and streams. The order increases when two streams of equal order meet. For example, the MS River is a 12th order.- Several building blocks exist to make up a river. o Detritus is decaying plant material that feeds the stream.o Invertebrates break down this detritus.o Minnows then eat the invertebrates.o Trout eat the minnows. o *The Brook Trout is the native to TN. It is not a smart fish and is actually a char.- Riffle is one of the three major habitats.o Substrate is the composition of the bottom of a body of water. It consists of cleangravel and pebble. It contains a benthic community, which is anything that lives at the bottom of a body of water.o The substrate is part of the stream habitat. The nature of substrate is very important.o Mineral substrates: boulder, cobble, gravel, pebble, sand, mud, and clay (orderedby size)o Organic substrates: fallen trees, living rooted plants, filamentous algae, and detritus. o All invertebrates spend most of their time in streams.o Vertebrates: Stoneflies have two tails, two claws, no abdominal gills, and two pairs of wing pads. They are the most sensitive to change and pollution. They are grazers and shredders. Stoneflies spend most of their juvenile life in water. They are known as plecoptera.  Mayflies have three tails (two possible), one claw, abdominal gills, and one pair of wing pads. They are known as ephemeroptera. Caddisflies are worm-like and sclerotized. They have six legs, cases, hook at “tail,” and gills. They are known as tricoptera. Most caddisflies build houses for themselves. Several predators exist in rivers and streams. One example is the dragonfly. They eat these other vertebrates.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a