POLS 051 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Cold War Content: Nuclear Strategy II. Security Dilemma III. Bush/Missile defense systems IV. 1999 National Missile Act V. 2010 Nuclear Arms Recruiting Pact VI. Why was the Cold War Era Stable? VII. Me Lost Logic of Deterrence” – BettsVIII. Getting yes with Iran- Jennis Robert Outline of Current Lecture I. Realism II. Thucydides: Ancient Greek States III. Melian Dialogue IV. Machiavelli, Power Politics logic is UniversalV. Hobbes: Anarchy, Security, and Dilemma VI. Modern Realism Reaction of WW2 VII. Morgenthau’s Political Realism: 6 Claims Current LectureI. Realism a. Classic (20th century) i. States seek to enhance their power ii. States are sole actors, competitors, act independently iii. Human nature explains world politics (Thomas Hoods) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Modern (1939 – 1979) i. Standard school of thought in International relations c. Neo-structural (1979-present) i. Created structural realism II. Thucydides: Ancient Greek States a. Father of Classical Realism, book on Peloponnesian War b. Offered explanation for Pella War, what caused War? i. Bi-polar system- Athens vs. Sparta c. Athens: growing power, at expense of Sparta d. Sparta: started forming alliances and camps, launched a offensive War III. Melian Dialogue a. Athens vs. Melian b. Shows the power of raw politics vs. weakens of morality, ethics, right to remain neutral c. States in International system remain the same way d. In end, shows relationship between strong and weak, weak have to convey IV. Machiavelli, Power Politics logic is Universala. Principles vs. power politics i. Fell on power politics b. Leadership:i. Affective leader takes note in changes in power dynamics. Stay in game andcan time when to project power. V. Hobbes: Anarchy, Security, and Dilemmaa. “Life is nasty, brutal, and short”i. Means if there was no government to hold our world together, we would allfall apartb. No Government means we are all selfish, completive and have one interest, morality, to stay alive or else we kill each other c. Solution: all powerful central government, keep natural impulses in check d. State of nature = state of War i. Arguing this applies to all societiesii. States behave same way as individuals because living in anarchyiii. Definition of anarchy from Hobbes: lack of central government, selfish, competitive e. Units of analysis: what scholars have done with Hobbes work VI. Modern Realism a. International Relations: Reaction of WW2b. Idealism, WW1: idealism emerged from WW1 i. Saw the world in centralist terms. Human nature benign. Ways in which states could cooperate, in end we would all be okay. c. EH Car came out with critique of realism i. International relations is based on power d. WW2 brought idealism to an end, arrival from Europeans to U.S brought entirely different view, did not reflect International Power, what really guided by power. VII. Morgenthau’s Political Realism: 6 Claimsa. Power politics- state, survival i. State only actor that matters, one goal = survivalb. Tragedy: core of power politics. States only care about power, whenever they act, they think about there own power. Specifically military power (national interest defined in terms of power). i. Military power: hard power, force in war to press what needs to get done. ii. Political power: involves influence, image, re-negotiation, ability of state to get another state to do something without military force (realism).c. An objective, universal law governs international relations. d. Human nature (lust of power) afraid of dying, source of power politics: individuals take mentality into office, states can’t avoid power politics, can’t escape fear of mentality. VIII. Treaties short term according to Realisma. Morgenthau’s on treaty obligations: states have right to back out of treaty, when treaty affects survival. Bush argues treaty outdated, did not permit U.S from terrorist groups (logic) b. Morgenthau imperial expansion: it’s okay if a states survival is threated, expects a war. Remains key figure of modern