SWSS 002 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Exam 1 Study Guide Review SheetDefinitions of social work- Work with many different kinds of people in many different kinds of settings- “Professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to that goal” (NASW 173)Four Basic Goals of Social Work- Linking people to resources- Providing direct services to individuals, groups, and families- Helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services- Participation in relevant legislative processesKey Attributes of Social Workers (What social workers do)- Direct practice- Case management- Clinical social work (assessing, diagnosing, treating mental health and emotional conditions)- Administration and management- Community organization- Social policy research- Deliver services through the use of a planned change intervention that encompasses…1. Engagement2. Assessment3. Intervention4. Evaluation and terminationSocial work vs. Social welfare- Social work: a professional activity of helping, developing skills of helping- Social welfare: a system that helps people meet their basic human needs, in order to maintain stability, and a social and economic justice, within societyThe history of social work as a professionEarliest roots of social work (pre-1600s): “Religious institutions and charity work”- 500 BC Greek- Money was donated to Christian converts to help- Stephen-- first social worker- Economic justice, certain groups of people were helpedElizabethan Poor Laws (1601): “Starting point”- Help the needy changes from church to government- Laws dictate that employable must work/ aid given to unemployable- Mandatory taxation gave those in need aid- Government today still helpsSocial Services (17th and 18th centuries): “Scope and reach”- First organization by Father St. Vincent de Paul-- charity to help give people food and support- Protestant work ethic-- organization to help shape few on poor- Colonies formed social welfare policies- Still have social welfare today19th century advances in Social Services: “Foundation”- First organizations founded (public and private)- Declared that training and education necessary- First passages of laws came about- Foundation lead to growth as social work as a disciplineSettlement House Movement and the Charity Organization Society Movement (peak in 1920s): “Bridge the wage gap and scientific philanthropy”- Settlement houseso Middle class folk would volunteer to liveo Provide day care and health care for neighborso Volunteer work and building a community- CSO: training for self sufficiency and individual changeo Casework and advocacyContributions of the late 19th century (1890s) and early 20th century to the profession of SW: “Progression of regulations”- Public education for “mentally deficient”- Progressive movement- Assessment and understanding of people’s living conditions and how it contributes to quality of life- The base of regulations then are still used today1920s and 1930s: “More regulations and focus on schools”- First social work program for African Americans- Great Depression-- social workers rose to occasion- Social security act (foundation of welfare and retirement)WWII era and 1950s: “Beginnings”- Creation of mental health help for soldiers- GI Bill for veterans to purchase homes/go to school- Creation of department of health/education/human welfare- Divided in 1979 into department of health/human services/department of education formulates and administers every federally funded social welfare program in existence today- Number of veterans coming back and services for their needs1960s and 1970s: “Expansion of programs for needs”- Creation of peace corps- Social welfare acts- Many education acts- Still around today1980s and 1990s: “Public vs. private”- Regular economics -- public to private sector- Clinton administration-- public sector helping focus (bigger pop. in need)- Encourage others to become self-sufficient (giving resources to do so)21st century social work: “Divided”- George Bush I launched 1000 Points of Light Project (showcased private-sector agencies)- Obama -- “Affordable Care Act”- Discussion of “don’t ask, don’t tell” and DOMA  Still a lot to be handledPoverty in the United States- $11,770 = Poverty guideline (per one person in family/household) - Absolute poverty: something that can be quantified- In 2013, 15% of people in the US were living in povertyo This is over 46 million peopleo Over 7% making less than poverty threshold - Living in povertyo 28% identify as black or African Americano 26% identify as Hispanic or Latinoo 12% identified as Asian o 10% identify as white Age as a Poverty Risk Factor: •The younger the person, the more likely she or he is to live in poverty. In the United States, children are almost twice as likely as adults to be poor.• In 2012, 22% of all children under age 18 lived in poverty. 24% of children under age 6 lived in poverty.• Three out of four poor children live in a working family.•The age cohort with the next largest poverty rate was young adults, age 18 to 24. Race and Ethnicity affect poverty rates. In 2009:• 35% of Black/African American children lived in poverty• 33% of Hispanic children lived in poverty• 13% of Asian children lived in poverty• 12% of White children lived in povertyPoverty rates for elders are 23% for Black elders, compared with 8% for white elders. Gender as a Risk Factor for Poverty•Women continue to be systematically paid less than men. In 2013, women were paid $0.77 for every $1.00 paid to men.(In 1959, women were paid $0.60 for every $1.00 paid to men)•Women are paid less in every occupational classification for which informationis available. For women of color, the gap is even worse – African American women are paid $0.69 for every $1.00 paid to White men, and Latina women are paid $0.59. When age is added to the equation… Among people 65 and older, nearly twice as many women as men live in poverty. And when we also consider race, the percent of women over 65 living in poverty:- 22% of Black/African-American women- 22% of Native American women- 21% of Hispanic women- 15% of Asian women, and- 8% of White women.Disability as a Risk Factor•30% of people with disabilities lives in poverty. This is twice the rate of the