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UC NUTR 1030 - Lipoproteins, cholesterol and its risks, cardiovascular disease
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NUTR 1030 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Identify phospholipidsII. Identify sterolsIII. Understand the functions of cholesterolIV. Identify key components of the Mediterranean dietV. Understand and explain the digestion/absorption of lipidsOutline of Current Lecture I. Identify LipoproteinsII. Understand the pathways through which cholesterol travelsIII. Recognize health risks of excess trans fatty acidsIV. Understand keys to prevention of high cholesterolV. Understand cardiovascular disease and how it is developedCurrent LectureLipoproteins:- Chylomicrons (from diet) Transport of dietary triglycerides- VLDLs (Very Low Density Lipoproteins) Produced by liver; release triglycerides- IDLs (Intermediate Density Lipoproteins) Formed from VLDL- LDLs (Low Density Lipoproteins) Formed from IDL: contain mostly cholesterol- HDLs (High Density Lipoproteins) Pick up and recycle or dispose of cholesterolPathways for Cholesterol Uptake:- Receptor Pathway LDL broken down and utilized in the bodyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Excess becomes oxidized- Scavenger Pathway Removes oxidized LDL Can build up over time- High Density Lipoproteins Picks up cholesterol throughout the bodyHealth Dangers of Excessive Trans Fatty Acid:- Raises LDL- Lowers HDL- Increases risk for heart disease- Current intake is ~3% of total kcals- Trans fat information are now on food labels and many restaurant menus- Banned in some areasPrimary Prevention:- Reduce dietary saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol- Increase MUFA and PUFA to recommended amounts- Increase dietary fiber (especially soluble)- Increase activity; develop an exercise routine- Adequate caloric intake to maintain healthy weight- Include plant stanols/sterols in dietFood Products to Help Lower Cholesterol:- Margarines: Benecol and take control Plant stanol ester Cholesterol-lowering effect Compete with cholesterol in the micelle and reduce absorption of dietary cholesterolCardiovascular Disease:Coronary heart disease- Second only to cancer in relation to US mortality rate- Symptoms take years to develop- Plaque build-up can begin in childhood- Myocardial infarction (heart attack)- Increase risk of stroke and other cerebrovascular conditions- Risk factors not all are out of your controlPlaque Formation- Cardiovascular disease begins with formation of plaques on blood vessel walls- Contributors: Smoking Diabetes Hypertension Homocysteine LDL Blood vessel inflammationSigns of a Heart Attack- Intense, prolong chest pain- Shortness of breath- Sweating- Nausea and vomiting- Dizziness- Weakness- Jaw, neck, shoulder pain, back pain- Irregular heartbeatRisk Factors- Family history- Smoking- High blood pressure- High blood cholesterol >200 mg/dl of total cholesterol Low HDL (<40 mg/dl) Elevated LDL-


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UC NUTR 1030 - Lipoproteins, cholesterol and its risks, cardiovascular disease

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