Lecture 10Chapter 10: Sporting BehaviorGood Sporting BehaviorSporting behavior, sportsmanship defined:The ethical behavior exhibited by a sportsperson or athlete generally considered to involve participation for the pleasure gained from a fair and hard-fought contest, refusal to take unfair advantage of a situation or of an opponent, courtesy toward one’s opponent, and graciousness in both winning and losing.Society decides what is ethicalSporting Behavior at Different LevelsThe behavior of professional athletes influences youth athletes.Media and coaches emphasize winning and competition.Athlete needs to be taught fair play, moral development, character.Participation sports tend to be more balanced.Youth Attitudes Toward Sporting Behavior (Josephson, 2007, 2008)Survey of 5,275 high school athletes reports:Girls more committed to honesty, fair play.Baseball, football, and basketball players indicated inclination to worse behavior.Poor behavior by coaches was reported by 25% to 33%.Of males, 60% thought it proper to inflict pain.Majority (of all athletes male and female) said hazing, stealing, cheating okay.Over half of both males and females said they cheated on testsDevelopment of Moral ValuesSome theorists believe behavior is based on moral development.Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral ReasoningPreconventional (elementary school)1. Punishment and obedience2. Pleasure or painConventional (most common—usually reached by adulthood)3. Good boy or girl4. Law and orderPostconventional (most of us never reach these stages, most of us stage at the conventional level)5. Social contractex) there are certain laws and certain norms that we really believe in. We may choose to behave in a certain way even if it has a negative impact on us as the individual.6. Principled consciencevery rare.Barriers to Good Sporting BehaviorImportance placed on winningIntellectual understandingCoaches’ attitudesParental pressureTraditions and customsTrash talkingAltering equipment or using illegal equipment (baseball)Faking a foulJackie SherrillCollege football coached at Pittsburg, Texas A&M, Mississippi State.Mississippi State—week of the game against the Texas Longhorn (mascot the steer, castrated bull) he had a bull brought out and castrated the bull in front of the whole team before the game.Rhett (coached Boston Celtics)Very poor sportsmanshipTurned the heat on in the locker room during summer timeMike Sergent (throwing coach for USC track and field)Louis Day athlete of SergentIn 2011, SEC indoor championships, Louis threw a distance he had never thrown before. Thought the measurement was incorrectSergent filed a protest against the officials.Louis Day won the SEC sportsmanship award for that yearSport as a Builder of Character and MoralsValues can be learned through sport socialization.Some factors related to sporting behavior:Sport typeGolf report your own foulsPerformance levelPositionPosition you play within a sportFootball—linemen do things you wouldn’t expect a kicker to doKey Point: Cause and effect cannot be determined because athletes may have already had good or bad traits before participating in sport.Discussion: First, think about this question: What is character?Now consider this: Does sport build character?Character is who you are when no one is looking. Sport doesn’t build character as much as it reveals character.Two Types of CharacterSocial character: Teamwork, loyalty, work ethic, and perseveranceMoral character: Honesty, fairness, integrity, and responsibilityDiscussion:Where do you think individual-sport athletes, team-sport athletes, and nonathletes rank in each of these two categories?Sport Ethic of High-Performance Sport (Coakley, 2004) [high level college/individual sport]Striving for excellenceCompeting to winSacrificeLove of the gameCommitment to teamPlaying with pain and adversityStrategies for Good Sporting Behavior1. Parents teach values to kids at young age.2. Coaches and officials need to prohibit play if rules are not followed.3. Parents, coaches model good behavior.4. Fans decrease rowdiness and alcohol use.5. Professional athletes and organizations must realize that they are role models.6. We must reward good behavior!Discussion: What strategies do you think could promote good sporting behavior?Consider the possibility for success of campaigns such as Colorado High School Activities Association’s Game Management and Sportsmanship Expectation Guide (2009).Program Resources for Promoting Good Sporting BehaviorTrue Competition (www.truecompetition.org)National Sportsmanship DayColorado’s sportsmanship programJosephson Institute of Ethics (www.charactercounts.org)SPTE 110 1st Edition Lecture 10 Chapter 10: Sporting Behavior Good Sporting Behavior- Sporting behavior, sportsmanship defined:o The ethical behavior exhibited by a sportsperson or athlete generally considered to involve participation for the pleasure gained from a fair and hard-fought contest, refusal to take unfair advantage of a situation or of an opponent, courtesy toward one’s opponent, and graciousness in both winning andlosing.o Society decides what is ethical Sporting Behavior at Different Levels- The behavior of professional athletes influences youth athletes.- Media and coaches emphasize winning and competition.- Athlete needs to be taught fair play, moral development, character.- Participation sports tend to be more balanced. Youth Attitudes Toward Sporting Behavior (Josephson, 2007, 2008)- Survey of 5,275 high school athletes reports:o Girls more committed to honesty, fair play.o Baseball, football, and basketball players indicated inclination to worse behavior.o Poor behavior by coaches was reported by 25% to 33%.o Of males, 60% thought it proper to inflict pain.o Majority (of all athletes male and female) said hazing, stealing, cheating okay. Over half of both males and females said they cheated on tests Development of Moral Values- Some theorists believe behavior is based on moral development.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Reasoning- Preconventional (elementary school) o 1. Punishment and obedienceo 2. Pleasure or pain - Conventional (most common—usually reached by adulthood) o 3. Good boy or girl o 4. Law and order- Postconventional (most of us never reach these stages, most of us stage