PSYC 350 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. SymptomsII. CasesOutline of Current LectureI. TypesII. ApproachesIII. TreatmentsIV. CausesCurrent Lecture-Seasonal Affective Disorder-mood changes with the seasons, same symptoms as MDD, depressions falls from summer to fall and rises from winter to spring.-Premenstrual dysphoric disorder-depression associated with the menstrual cycle in women, very common, some women cope with it better than others, some argue it shouldbe listed in the DSM.-Psychotherapy is interpersonal therapy where people get help in finding solutions.-The cognitive approach says that depression is due to incorrect beliefs about your self that stem from bad early experiences. Early research supports this, you'll feel down after watching a sad movie.-Cognitive styles-the tendencies to blame yourself and expect that one negative event will lead to another.-Cognitive behavior therapy, or CBT, corrects beliefs and is effective in about 60% of patients.-CBT can change brain activity responsible for attention, reward seeking, and emotion monitoring.-CBT is most effective for mild to moderate depression.-The physiological approach says depression is due to underactivity in the brain structures responsible for mood, low levels of neurotransmitters.-Norepinephrine and serotonin are the two hormones in the hypothalamus that cause depression when they are too low.-The hypothalamus controls sleep, appetite, sex, and mood all of which impact depression level.-Thinking occurs in the frontal lobes which slows down when the nerve tracts don't pass enough serotonin.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Tryptophan is converted into serotonin, so it is encouraged to have a balanced tryptophan diet.-Antidepressant drugs help to increase serotonin levels, but they take several weeks to work and people tend to stop taking them because they think they're defective.-Receptor sites take a while to be 'recharged.'-Dopamine is the neurotransmitter in the pleasure center of the brain and regulates pleasure.-60% of the brain is omega-3 fatty acids-Omega-3 explains the link between depression and heart attacks, more of it reduces depression and the risk of a heart attack.-Strokes in the left prefrontal cortex increase chance of prolonged depression.-There is a very high risk of depression if you have a family history of it.-Serotonin is released by the presynaptic neuron.-St. John's Wort is an over-the-counter drug that allegedly treats depression. Some say it's better because it is plant-based, but it's not that strong.-Tricyclists block the reuptake of serotonin and