Biology 203 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. About Land PlantsII. How did land plants adapt to live on land?III. HepaticophytaIV. Vascular tissues are the next major adaptationOutline of Current Lecture I. Seeds and PollenII. GymnospermsIII. AnthophytaIV. What are Animals?Current LectureI. Seeds and Pollena. Key innovations for the seed plantsb. Improved reproduction and survival of the next generationi. Pollen allows sperm to move further than if they have to swimii. A seed a very small young plant, a food source, and a seed coat all in oneiii. Seeds give the young plant an advantage as it starts to growII. Gymnospermsa. Not just pine treesb. Gymnosperm seeds grow “naked” within conesIII. Anthophytaa. Unique in producing flowers and fruitsb. Surrounding the young seed with a flower protects it and enhances pollinationc. Following pollination, part of the flower develops into a fruit containing the seedsd. Aids seed dispersione. Monocots:i. One cotyledon: “seed leaves” of the small plant inside the seedii. Floral parts in 3’siii. Leaf veins paralleliv. No true woody growthv. Grasses, orchids, palms, lilies, onions, daffodils, iris, and philodendronf. EucicotsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Two cotyledonsii. Floral parts in 4 or 5’siii. Leaf veins are netlikeiv. True secondary growthv. Most of the non-grass and non-conifer plants you are familiar with are eudicotsIV. What are animals?a. Animals are: eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, motile at some stage, and lack structural cell wallsb. Animal Diversityi. Animals are multicellular heterotrophs without structural cell walls. ii. Inhabit virtually every conceivable habitatiii. Locomotion is a distinctive characteristic (some are sessile)iv. Up to approximately 40 phylac. Cells are often flexiblei. Held together by collagenii. Have intercellular junctionsd. Diverse in formi. Estimated 10+ million speciesii. 99% of all animals are invertebratesiii. Only 42,500 species are vertebrates (and most of those are fish)e. Diverse in habitati. Marine, freshwater, terrestrial, aerialii. Can also have hosts as habitats (parasites)f. Diverse reproductive strategies allow exploitation of many habitats. All animals:i. Gametes (n) formed by meiosisii. Fuse almost immediately to form diploid zygote (2n)iii. Gametes do not go through mitosis iv. No alternation of generationsv. Some have sexual reproduction, others asexual. Sometimes they have bothg. Most animals have locomotioni. Swimming, walking, flying, gliding, slithering, rollingii. Possible because of evolution of:a. Musclesb. Neuronsiii. The only terrestrial vertebrate group never to have evolved flight is
View Full Document
Unlocking...