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UMass Amherst COMM 122 - Programming techniques

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COMM 122 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture Outline of Current Lecture Current LectureProgramming Assumptions: The most fundamental question is that people are actively selecting from the available options- Inertia (a lot is driven by our habits)o Routines; flow through; others’ choices- Viewing follows a steady pattern during the week, steady Monday-Wednesday, peaks Thursday, Friday-Saturday goes down, Sunday goes back up (viewing is driven by the day of the week, the month of the year)- Viewing is driven by the LOP (“Least Objectionable Program”)—something that doesn’t bother you too much, the lease boring when you want to watch tv- Appointment Viewing: people will follow a program if you move it somewhere elseo Popular program not doing well on Sunday, moved to Thursday—the people followed it (did well)o Blacklist moved to Thursday - DVR’s, VOD, streaming—we can see any programs whenever we want“There is no appointment viewing anymore”- Watching it on Netflix, Hulu…- However, most viewing is liveo Trend: increase in moving towards the Digital video (rate of increase is dramatic) o Try to disturb as few people as possible—so they try to block social change If you play something through repetition, people get the idea that it might be popular—this is how it is made a hit- We like hearing favorite music repetitivelyProgramming Techniques:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Tv vs. Radio: role of repetition: music vs. narrative- Radio (music) can re-use, recycle more than tvo Tv is always looking for new material; radio you can get away with playing a small amount of songs over and over again- What of the sales of DVD’s, especially of TV series?- Music Repetition: payola scandalso “Spot buys”/ pay-to-playTv took the mass out of other mass media—other media couldn’t compete- Magazines: diversified/fragmented by special interest according to specific topics- Radio: diversified/fragmented by format mainly according to age and sexo Country has the largest share of the stations; however news/talk/info have more actual channels Everything is designed to fit the stationThere are twice as many radios as people- US= 8 radios per household- Radio got hit hard during the recession, plummeting in 2008-2009 o The vast bulk of radio advertising is local (cut back on advertising) Local: 75% National spot (McDonalds, Geico, Coca Cola): 20% Network: 5%Hot clock/ format wheel: every minute of the hour is laid out very specificallyFuture of Localism for Radio?- Concentration of ownership- SiriusXM- Internet (don't have a regular broadcast)o Regular station on the web o Internet only stations (don't have a regular broadcast)o Online music services Spotify, Pandora, GrooveShark, Live 365, Jango, Slacker, Showcast)“Radio…becoming Audio”- AM/FM…plus online satellites- ASCAP-1914—Musicians uniono American Society of Composers and Performers- NAB—1923—trade organizations, to deal with ASCAP on an industry wide basiso National Association of Broadcasters- BMI—1940—To compete with ASCAP- Blanket License Feeo Sources of music is concentratedo ASCAPo BMIo SESACo Sound Exchange- Concentration: 90% of all recorded music distributed by 8 to 7 to 6 to 5 to 4 to 3 (Universal, Sony, Warner)o Concentration of ownership increases, diversity of content


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