PSYCH 205 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Defense Mechanisms, Humor and HypnosisOutline of Current Lecture II. Application of Psychoanalytic Theory and ReligionIII. Assessing NarrativesIV. Limits and Liabilities of Freudian theoryV. Strengths and Criticisms of Neo Freudian theoriesCurrent LectureIn todays lecture we talked more about the psychoanalytic theory and the religion of it. We also talked more about Freud and his Neo Freudian theory and the strengths and criticisms that arisewith it.Limits and Liabilities of Freudian Theory-Theorists rejected the idea that personality is formed by experiences in the initial years of lifeComparison of Freudian vs. Neo Freudian-Agreement-Role of unconscious is important in determining behavior-The impact of early childhood, defense mechanisms and dream interpretation-Disagreement-Freud believed personality is fully formed by experiences in the initial years of life-Freud gave no attention to social and cultural forces in shaping individual personality-A negative tone and pessimistic and degrading view of human natureAlfred AdlerThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-First one to leave Freud-He named his own theory “Individual Psychology”-Contributions to understanding personality-Notion of striving for superiority-Role of parental influences on personality development-Effects of birth orderStriving for Superiority-Single motivating force that can subsume all other motives-Individuals begin life with feelings of inferiority-All individual actions to establish a sense of superiority to get through life-Excessive feelings of inferiority lead to inferiority complex-Social interest combined with superiority striving indicates mental health of a personParental Influence on Personality Development-Parental behaviors that lead to problems in children’s life-Pampering-takes the child’s freedom away and adds to feelings of inferiority-Neglect-children who receive little attention from their parents-Grow up cold and suspicious-Are not able to have warm personal relationshipsBirth Order-Firstborn Children-Have a large amount of attention from their parents-When the second child arrives the pampering stops-Strong perception of inferiority-Middle-born children-Develop a strong superiority striving-Highest achievers-Try hard to catch up with their older siblingsLast-born children-Pampered throughout their childhood-Vulnerable to strong inferiority feelingsCarl Jung-First president of the International Psychoanalytic Association-Disagreement with Freud’s theory, resulted in resignation form the association in 1914-Established analytic psychologyCollective Unconscious-Part of unconscious mind-Constitutes of thoughts, images, and psychic characteristics that are difficult to bring into awareness-Never repressed out of consciousness-People inherit unconscious psychic characteristics-Made up of primordial images-Referred as archetypesArchetypes-Anima-Feminine side of the males-Animus-Masculine side of the female-Anima and animus are for selecting a romantic partner and seeing which would be the best relationship-Shadow-negative side of personality-Located partly in both personal and collective unconsciousEvidence for the Collective Unconscious-Does not consist of hard data form rigorous laboratory experiments-Is based on examination of mythology, cultural symbols, dreams and the statements of schizophrenics-It is argued that collective unconscious is same for everyoneErik Erikson-Believed that ego is a relatively powerful, independent part of personality-Ego psychology-Erikson’s approach to personality-Principal function of the ego is to establish and maintain a sense of identity-Identity crisis-Confusion and despair we feel when we lack a strong sense of whom we arePersonality Development Throughout the Life Cycle-Erikson’s stages of personality development continue from infancy to old age-Crises-turning points encountered by people in personality development-How a person resolves a crisis determines the direction of his/her personality developmentBasic Trust vs. Mistrust-Child whose needs are met develops a sense of basic trust-Infants who never receive the loving care they need develops a sense of basic mistrustAutonomy vs. Shame and Doubt-Autonomy-allowing children to manipulate and control what they encounter-People with a sense of autonomy are confident-Over protection of children differs development and lead to shame and doubt-Children become dependent on othersInitiative vs. Guilt-Children who:-Organize and participate in social activities develop a sense of initiative-Lack initiative feels guilt and resignationIndustry vs. Inferiority -Industry-a belief in ones strengths and abilities-Develops when children experience success-Inferiority-lack of appreciation for ones talents and skills-Develops when children encounter failureIdentity vs. Role Confusion-People with a sense of identity make decisions about personal values and religious questions-Failing to develop a strong sense of identity leads to role confusionIntimacy Vs. Isolation-Young people search for special relationship to develop intimacy and grow emotionally-People who fail to develop intimacy face emotional isolationGenerativity vs. Stagnation-Middle-aged individuals develop a concern for guiding the next generation-Parents raise their children-Adults without children play an active role in raising nieces and nephews-Adults who fail to develop sense of generativity suffer from a sense of stagnationEgo Integrity vs. Despair-People who:-Look back on their lives with satisfaction develop a sense of integrity-Fail to develop a sense of integrity fall into despair and express contempt for