DOC PREVIEW
SC BIOL 420 - Angiosperms

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4 out of 13 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 13 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 13 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 13 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 13 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 13 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

BIOL 420 1st Edition Lecture 10Current LectureIntroduction to the AngiospermsText Reference: Chapter 19 pages 457-465 , Chapter 20 pages 477-482Phylum Anthophyta – The Angiosperms- Flowering plants: provide us with food, building, fuel, pharcheutical products, biochemical, molecules, the atheistic aspect. - Approximately 290,000 have been classifiedo Monocot or a Dicot (but some of it has changed). o Dicot has changed to basal-angiospermso Monocots 90,000 Includes plants: iris, lilies, all of the grasses, true palms, palmettoo Dicots Pretty much everything else Come in a lot of sizes and shapes, morphologies- May be 300,00+ in nature- Vascular- Produce Seeds- Two claims: Produce flowers (monofied leaves usually to attract a pollinator) and fruits (help disperse the seed)Size Range-Eucalyptus regnanso From Australiao Analogous to the animal kingdom, there are hundreds and hundreds of specieso Greater than a 150 meters, more than 700 species. -Lemna – duckweedo the smallest following plant, grow on pondso the larger one is the lemna, family = lemansia o 3 mm acrosso The smaller are the genus (wolfia) can go up to 1.5 mmMorphology- Flowering plants, hardwoods (oaks, hickory, maples, sweet gums), grasses (corn, wheat, rice)- Trees, shrubs, herbs- Epiphytes (orchids, Spanish moss): grows on the body of another site, not parasitic. - Vines- Free growingNutritional strategies- Vast majority photosynthetic autotrophs- Parasitic forms- Dodder (Cuscuta): lost its photosynthetic abilities. Laced through different plants, parasitic - Rafflesia: running for the largest flower, more than a meter wide, completely parasitic, the only thing you could see is the flower because it doesn’t have any leaves, roots, etc. Attracted to flies because it has a horrible smell, a hustoria (group of cells that are hyphae like that absorbs nutrients. - Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora): doesn’t even have chloroplast, grows in the south. There are a number of species, the stem are completely white because its lost its chloroplast. Steal nutrients from other plants (parasitic) - Habitat- Wide range of habitatso Aquatic (water lilies, cat tails)o Deserto Tropical rain forestEvolution of Angiosperms (Chapter 20)- Appear about 135 million years ago- Actual ancestry still debated- Possibly evolved from seed ferns or other early seed-producing plants- Pollen grains push angiosperm ancestry back 135 million years- Archaefructus sinensis - oldest fossil of entire flowering plant – 125 myao Considered the oldesto Very simple flowers and contains the stamina and pistalso Have pollen evidenceo They don’t really know which plants evolved into angiosperms- Amber pollen fossil showing pollen tubes – 100mya- Darwin’s “abominable mystery” – apparent rapid appearance of angiosperms in fossil record- Punctuated Equilibrium – Stephen Jay Gouldo Evolutionary changeo GradualismCan be ‘punctuated’ by the new change (climate, or dramatic change, can completely take over)- Probability of fossilizationo Pretty much can tell in the fossil record that they were flowerso It was preserved in amberLiving angiosperms with primitive characteristics – “Basal Angiosperms”o Amborella trichopoda700 miles away from Australia (pretty isolated) o Shrub like ever greeno Tiny flower o Undifferentiated sepals (outer) and petals (stamen), spiral arrangement of flower parts, o None of them really jump out to make them differento Radial symmetryGeographical locationMorphology and growth characteristics- Nymphaea (water lilies)o Its not considered as an ancestor, just an early offshoot that considers the ancestor partso Numerous parts were reduced, sepals and petals aren’t differentiatedo Example of an early offshooto Zyolemo Only got the tracheas (primitive)- Austrobaileyao Stamen – anther and the filamento Have flat plant like structureso As it spirals inward it becomes more sterile Maybe it has a function? Or maybe not?o The anthers and the pistol aren’t functional at the same time Morphology and growth characteristics- Magnoliidso Can be a huge tree to small flowerso There are tons of flower partso Undifferentiated sepals o Very primitive Morphology and growth characteristicsMagnolia grandifloraAristolochia grandiflora- Also in the mangnolia group- Can attract pollinaters, it has a terrible smell that attracts fliesMajor Angiosperm classes – Chapter 19- Monocotyledonae (Monocots) - corn- Dicotyledonae (Dicots) - beansCharacteristics of Monocots and Dicots (LOOK @ TABLE IN PP)- Flower parts – can tell because monocots have floral parts in 3, and dicots in 4 or 5. - Pollen – monocots: has one pore or furrow, dicots: has three pores or furrows- Cotyledon – the seed’s leaves. Dicot – it includes the endosperm tissue, it feeds the embryo (has 2). The monocot only has one - Leaf venation – monocot – parallel, dicot - netlike- Vascular bundles (stem) (the xylem and phloem): monocot: vascular bundles throughout stem’s ground tissue, dicot: stem’s vascular bundles arranged in a ring – allows it to not having to die and regrowth. - Secondary growth (with vascular cambium) wood. Examples of monocots-Iris-Really hard to find wood monocot plants- Banana (Musa)-Trillium: can espically see the 3 petals-Palms: -Grasses: bamboo, corn, wheatExamples of dicots- Cactus-Anemone-Opium- Poppy- Live oak- Bean – soy beans- Spanish MossPhylogeny of the Angiosperms – Four Major Groups (Chapter 20)Basal angiospermsMagnoliidsMonocotsDicotsAngiosperm Anatomy – Flowers, Roots, Stems and Leaves- Flower structure – 4 Floral WhorlsSepals –calyxPetals – corollaStamens – androecium (male parts)AntherFilamentCarpals (Pistil) – gynoeciumStigma: the landing pad for pollenStyleOvary: egg, at least one. The male gamete has to make it through the stigma and fertilize the egg. Become fruits Ovule: each of it will become seed, LoculesPlacenta – Placentation1. Parietal2. Axile3. Free centralVariations of Flower StructurePresence or absence of floral partsPerfectImperfect: unisexual, its either male or female. They are on the same body. Producing pollenStaminatePistillate (carpallate)MonoeciousDioeciousOvary structureSuperiorInferiorInsertion and location of StamensHypogynous flower (superior ovary)Epigynous flower (inferior ovary)Perigynous flowerAttachment of Floral PartsConnationAdnationSymmetryRadial symmetryBilateral symmetryInflorescencesSpikeRacemeUmbelHeadCatkinBasic Vocabulary-


View Full Document
Download Angiosperms
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Angiosperms and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Angiosperms 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?