OCNG Review #1-Divergent <- ->-Convergent -> <--Transform: Plates Rub against each otherWhat is the Width and Density of Continental Crust? -35km-2700 kg/m3-Made of GraniteWhat is the Width and Density of Oceanic Crust?-8km-3000 kg/m3-Made of BasaltWhat is the Order of the Earths Dimensions?-Continental Crust 35km-Oceanic Crust 8km-Lithosphere 100km-Aesthenosphere 700km-Mesosphere 2885km-Outer Core 5155km-Inner Core 6371kmEarthquakes Generate-P waves and S wavesWhat is the Evidence of Pangea/Panthalllasia-Tethys Sea?-Glacial Deposits, Fossils found on multiple continents ex. South America, South AfricaWhat is Bathymetry?-Ocean floor topographyMean Radius of the Earth?-6371 kmMean depth of the Ocean?-4kmBasic Measurements-1 meter = 3 feet-1 kilometer (km) = 1,000 Meters-1 Statute Mile = 1.6 Km-1 Nautical Mile = 1.85 km-Maximum Depth of Ocean 11kmOCNG Review #1Oceans % of water on earth, largest three sources of water.-97.2% of water from Oceans-2.15 from Ice Sheets-.62 from Ground WaterArchimedes Principle/Isostacy/Displacement-Displacement of mass by an object, Ex: Ice floats on water because it's less dense, Ice 9kg/cm3 water 10kg/cm3.What is the result of an ocean-continent collision?-Trenches and Island Ranges, etcWhat is the result of an Ocean-Ocean collision?-Trenches, RidgesWhat is the result of a Continent-Continent collision?-Mountain RangeMean temperature of the earth.+15C Deepest Point in the Ocean-11km or 11,022MTallest Point on Earth-Mr.Everest 8850 MetersAverage Height of Land -840mWhy has the rate of Carbon Dioxide in the Air increased in the last 200 years?-Industrial Revolutions around the world.How can we tell the age of rocks in the ground?-Sediment Core Gathering and Radiometric Age DatingDescribe Photosynthesis-Light In, Carbon Dioxide+Water In, Creates Sugar and OxygenDescribe Respiration-Heat Released, Sugar+Oxygen Absorbed and Carbon Dioxide+Water releasedDescribe Paleomagnetism-Magnetic Dip Angle, the lines are perpendicular to the surface.Sidenote: we are due for a polarity reversal, it's been 300,000 years since the last one.OCNG Review #1Ways to measure bathymetry-Echo Sounding-Side-Scan SonarWhat is Geoid?-Measuring the sea surface at rest's change and relating it to the sea floor's movement to measure bathymetry of a sea.What are Turbidity Currents?-Currents made up of water, dirt, sediments, etc that essentially carve the land, i.e. Grand CanyonEdge of a Continent.-Continental Shelf Continental Slope, Rise then the Floor, etc.Underwater Hotspot Features-Pillow Lava-Hydrothermal Vents i.e. Black SmokersWhat is the Key Concept of Marine Sediments?-They accumulate on the Ocean Floor and contain a record of recent earth history including past environmental conditions.What is Lithogenous Sediment?-derived from mostly rock material, from the land (terrigenous) caused by weathering for the most part.List Course Materials to Fine MaterialsCourse High EnergyBoulderCobblePebbleGranuleSandSiltClayFine Low EnergyWhat is one of the most abundant minerals in rocks?-Quartz (SiO2) which is the composition of ordinary glass.-Beach Sand is primarily made up of QuartzWhat is Biogenous Sediment?-Derived remains of perished Organisms, (shells,bones)-Also- Phytoplankton, Diatoms, etcWhat is Microscopic Biogenous Sediment (ooze)? -Algae and Protozoans for the most part, it is broken down into Calcium Carbonates (CaCO3) and Silica(ns) (SiO2)OCNG Review #1What produes Siliceous Ooze and Calcerous Ooze?-Planktonic Creatures for the most part produce both of these.-Hardened Calcerous ooze is known as Chalk.-Siliceous Ooze sits on top of Calcerous OozeWhere is the thickness of sediments most prevalent?-Along the coastlines of the Americas, the Gulf of Mexico and the Indian GulfWhat is Hydrogenous Sediment?-derived from dissolved material in water. Example Manganese NodulesWhat is Cosmogenous Sediment?-derived from extraterrestrial sources, ex. Meterors, Space.What types of resources do Ocean Sediments provide?-Oil, Gas Hydrates which make up the Majority, What are Isostatic and Eustatic changes?-Local and Global changes in sea level.How different is the sea level today than it was in the past?-21,000 Years ago before the Ice Age ended the Sea Level was 120 meters higher.Describe a Convection Cell-Warm Air rises, Cold Air