CHEM 105N 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Valence ElectronsII. Electron-Dot SymbolsIII. Atomic SizeIV. Ionization EnergyV. Metallic CharacterOutline of Current Lecture I. Radioactive DecayII. Radioactive IsotopesIII. Types of RadiationIV. Biological Effects of RadiationV. Nuclear ReactionsVI. Alpha DecayVII. Beta DecayCurrent LectureI. Radioactive Decay:- Probability that a nucleus will decompose to form a different nucleusII. Radioactive Isotopes:- Has an unstable nucleus- Atomic number usually above 20- Emits radiation to become more stable- Identified by writing mass after the element symbolIII. Types of Radiation:- Alpha α ⁴₂He- Beta ß ⁰-₁ē- Postitron ß- ⁰+₁ē- Gamma Ray ƴ ⁰₀ƴ- Proton ƿ - Neutron nIV. Biological Effects of Radiation:- When radiation strikes molecules, electrons may be knocked away, forming unstable ions.- If this ionizing radiation passes through the human body, it may interact with water molecules, removing an electron, producing H 2 O + These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- H 2 O+ can cause undesirable chemical reactions damaging cells.V. Nuclear Reactions:Original Nucleus New Nucleus + Radiation EmittedVI. Alpha Decay:- RnMass: 222Atomic #: 86- Rn ? + ⁴₂HeMass: 222 218 + 4Atomic #: 86 84 + 2 - Resulting Element:PoMass: 218Atomic #: 84VII. Beta Decay:- KMass: 42Atomic #: 19- K ? + ⁰-₁ēMass: 42 42 + 0Atomic #: 19 20 + (-1)- Resulting Element:CaMass: 42Atomic #:
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