F_S 2195 1st Edition Exam #2 Study GuideMake to have read On the Run (Goffman) and Classics of Criminology (Jacoby et. al) pgs. 1-140On the Run- Ethnography: qualitative study usually based on in depth participant observation of a particular social space- incarceration rates: dramatic increase since the 1970s, mostly poor and black population- mass imprisonment: level of incarceration markedly above the historical and comparative norm and concentrated among certain segments of the population- current levels of targeted imprisonment represent a new chapter in American racial oppression- clean and dirty people- clean: no legal entanglements, can get through checkpoints, etc.- dirty: likely to be arrested should they be stopped by law enforcement- riders: continue to heave dealings with wanted young men, protect and aid him in hiding and running, most women ride and support their men, cover for them, visit, but most fail due to police pressure- snitches: rats, provide police with info on fugitivesCharacters:- Chuck & Time: brothers, Chuck mentor for Tim- Reggie: on the run a lot- Mike & Ronnie: Mike was Goffman’s way in to the group on 6th street- Alex: beaten up in bad robbery- Anthony: lives out of jeep, easy to rob, out on the streets- Miss Linda: dedicated riderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- if “dirty” people were injured or wanted to go to the police, they couldn’t because of previous legal entanglements, running from police can lead to increased charges and violence- ways to avoid charges: scrape fingerprints, silence, fake ID- net of entrapment: everyday situations can lead to arrest (hospitals, funerals, places of employment, others who are “hot” (running from law))- unpredictable routine: harder to get caught, refusing future plans, avoid close friends, family, last known address- paying to pass undetected: clean ID, fake licenses/car insurance/social security, faux pas to ask last name, pay clean friends, illicit medical supplies and services, paying off witnesses- most women blame law enforcement, not their men, for incarcerations (easy to get technical violation, police has a loss of legitimacy in neighborhood, love them and don’t want them to go to prison)- techniques of persuasion from police: threat of arrest, threat of eviction, child custody threats, present disparaging evidence, moral appeals, promise of confidentiality, multipronged approach- jail can become a save haven for those with troubles in the neighborhood-know the terms jail, probation, parole, prison, police misconduct, excessive force, police corruption- court hearings and visitations can be seen as social gatherings, celebration of good legal proceeding takes place of proms, graduations or weddings- romantic showdown: sizing up romantic rivals, whoever sits next to the mother in court ultimately “wins”- personal honor: do time “like a pro” can beat cases, can be a source of pride and masculinity- moral ambiguity of encounters with the police- criminal justice system central part of life on 6th street, judicial proceeding’s less of a happy event more of a resetting of life at zero- ways to earn money in the criminal system- Jevon: could mimic anyone’s voice, those on parole able to leave without missing curfew and Jevon would call their parole officers and mimic their voice- photo stand: sells clean urine out of the back, fake documents normally required to buy things- criminal justice workers: slow case scheduling to get more time to put affairs in order, access to drugs/cell phones in prison, privacy with significant otherClassics in Criminology- Chicago school: style of criminology that dominated in the 20s and 40s, non-judgmental analysis of perspective of deviant- what is a gang: different than other social groups, cohesion by conflict with it’s environment, outside opposition equals group cohesion- professional thief: seen as honorific, holds status in community- white collar criminality: crime by upper/middle class people and organizations, dramatic shift from focus on lower class street crime, criminal behavior not explained by poverty/associated conditions, social construction of criminal behavior changed- juvenile delinquency- crime rates naturally formed pattern of rings around city that were stable over time, juvenile rates tend to circulate around urban areas - victims of crime and relationship of characteristics and behavior of victims to understand victimization, victim and criminal continuously influencing behavior in dynamic way, overly simplistic to view one as passive and the other as active-victims likely to be killed by close relatives and friends and frequently act in ways that play a role in theirdeath- delinquency in a birth cohort: criminal experience of an entire birth cohort, studying patterns of offenses after interventions, able to describe patterns in offense careers- juvenile justice system at best has no effect on future behavior of offenders at worst makes future offenses worse, can acquire better criminal skills while incarcerated- differential treatment by race: white offender (remedial, warnings), non-white offender (full punishment)- social change and crime: widespread life-enhancing changes in employment patterns, educational opportunities, recreational pursuit & proliferation of consumer goods increased vulnerability to crime- direct contact predatory violation: someone definitely and intentionally damages the person or property of another- 3 minimal elements of direct contact predatory violation:- motivated offenders- suitable targets- absence of capable guardians against violation- routine behavior can result for crime to occur, as well as odd behavior- environmental criminology: locations in time and space where offenders encounter victims and commitcrimes, arrangement of buildings and transport facilities shape movement of offenders and victims in specific urban areas with crimes likely concentrated in those areas- 4 dimensions of crime - a law- an offender- a target- a place/time- sociological and geographical imagination- characterizing criminal careers: not occupation, concept of career to study of criminal offenders, number of crimes committed over the lifespan of a person- racial discrimination in arrest, parole sentencings are empirically wrong as a basis for decisions about active offenders-