PSY 2403 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 7-10Lecture 7 (February 7)What is organ inferiority?Organ inferiority is a condition that exists when an organ (or some part of the body) is lessdeveloped or inferior, or more vulnerable to disease. Because the body is an integrated unit, itcompensates for inferiorities, sometimes leading to overcompensation, which is beneficial forthe body.What is an inferiority complex?Feelings of inferiority develop in infancy, and are subjective. An inferiority complex is whenfeelings of weakness overwhelm a person and prevents them from growing.What is masculine protest?Masculine protest is the condition of trying to become more masculine, in both males andfemales, within a society. It associates power with masculinity, and motivates people to desirestrength. A feminine protest is the same concept but in a culture where femininity is power.What is striving for superiority?It is an innate fundamental fact of life, what motivates everyone to want to work together andstrive to be the best. A superiority complex is when a person wants to be the best at theexpense of other people, rather than working together.What is fictionalism?Fictionalism consists of the goals made in life. They guide lifestyle, give unity to personality, andgive purpose to behavior. Fictional finalism is the ultimate goal, whether to work with others orwork to dominate them.What are the three types of tasks that measure social interest?The three types of tasks are societal tasks, which involve cooperation with others, occupationaltasks, which involve constructive work to advance society, and love and marriage tasks,involving relationships.Lecture 8 (February 10) What are Adler’s personality types according to his theory?The types of personality are Ruling Dominant, where a person likes to dominate and boss othersaround, Getting-Leaning, where a person gets other people to do everything for them, Avoiding,where a person avoids problems and therefore avoids failure, and Socially Useful, whichindicates that a person is healthy.What are the origins of mistaken or unhealthy lifestyles?The 3 ways that a mistaken lifestyle can originate from childhood are physical inferiority, aphysical condition that causes feelings of inferiority, being pampered, and being neglected.Adler believed that being pampered was the most dangerous of all, and criminals grew out ofthis group of children.What are safeguarding tendencies, and what are the types?Safeguarding tendencies are used by neurotic people to protect their self-esteem in publicsituations. The types of safeguarding tendencies are excuses, aggression, and withdrawal ordistancing. Aggression can be broken up into depreciation and idealization, accusation, and self-accusation.What are the tools of individual psychology according to Adler?Adler talked with the patient’s family for clues as to whether the patient was neurotic or not.Early memories as well as dreams were also analyzed to indicate type of lifestyle.What was the critique of Adler’s theory?Adler’s theory was high on generating research, organizing known data, and guiding action. Itwas low on falsifiability.What is Adler’s concept of humanity?Adler’s theory was very high on optimism and teleology, as well as high on free choice, socialinfluences, and uniqueness. It was average on unconscious influences. Lecture 9 (February 12) What were the needs of children according to Horney?Children needed the satisfaction of basic needs, as well as a feeling of safety (which was moreimportant). This feeling of safety consisted of security and freedom from fear. Anything that aparent does that undermines this safety causes the child to experience basic evil.What are basic evil, basic hostility, and basic anxiety?Basic evil is what a child feels when his or her feelings of safety are compromised in childhoodby his or her parents. Basic hostility is the result of basic evil, repressed feelings of rageoriginating in childhood. Basic anxiety is the feelings of isolation and helplessness from thebelief that the world is hostile and the child cannot trust anyone.What are the neurotic needs and adjustments according to Horney?The neurotic needs were attempts to reduce basic anxiety, and strive for an idealized self-imageby attaining perfection or glory. There are three neurotic adjustments; moving toward people byseeking love and affection, moving against people by being hostile, and moving away frompeople by being detached from society.What are the intrapsychic conflicts?One intrapsychic conflict is the idealized self-image, which is a perfect image of yourself that theneurotic tries to live by, under the tyranny of the “shoulds”. The neurotic searches for glory byclaiming credit for and being proud of things that aren’t real. Two other intrapsychic conflictsare self-hatred, where the neurotic’s real self gets replaced by the actual (idealized) self, andexternalization, which is similar to Freud’s projection.Lecture 10 (February 17) What are Horney’s views on feminine psychology?Horney believed there were psychological differences between men and women. The Oedipuscomplex was a product of the environment rather than biology. The basic distrust that existsbetween females and males come from the trends of male thinking, natural fear of self-loss inrelationships, and differences in how males and females were treated as children.What were the goals of psychotherapy for Horney?Horney’s goals for psychotherapy were to help patients grow to self-realization and change self-hatred to self-acceptance. Recovering patients should give up their idealized self-image and stopseeking glory.What was the critique on Horney’s theory?The critique on Horney’s theory was that it was low on falsifiability, organizing knowledge, andguiding action, and very low on generating research.What was Horney’s concept of humanity?Horney’s theory was high on free choice, optimism, unconscious influences, and social factors. Itwas also low on