PSYCH 239 ReviewPSYCH 239 Review- Using mostly student based questions on the guest lectures- Instead of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, they use Universal instead of primary,and the subcategories Selective and Indicated for Secondary instead. They don’t even use Tertiary.- Remember:o Power from: Being able to resist the power of otherso Power Over: Explicit or implicit dominanceo Power To: Being able to act freely through power sharing.- Empowermento People aiding themselves to gain power and resources o Empowering programs should have as many of these qualifications as possible: Those without equal resources gain more access/control Intentional, ongoing In Local communities  Mutual respect, critical reflection, caring, group participation Enhancing possibilities for people to control their own liveso Criticisms of Empowerment Paradox of empowerment- Who has the power to empower?- Is feeling empowered the same as having power?- Terms used vaguely and inconsistently.- Are power and control good goals to have?- Do empowerment efforts change anything?- Social change:o First-Order Change Make the same kind of changes as always Changes maintain the problems with systems Affect the individual levelo Second-Order Change Says first order change is a part of the problem! Social systems prescribe role relationships, constrain behavior-MUST CHANGE THESE! Affect the environmental levelo Facilitators of and Barriers to Change Positive- - Creative thinking, challenging assumptions- Willingness to change- Commitment to fairness- Common cause with others- Strong values related to change. What affects whether change happens? Negative- - Favoring social inequality (“just world”)- Unwillingness to change- Commitment to individual advancement- Isolation- Lack of roots- iClicker Questionso When does the deficit prospective happen? People focus on what’s wrong with an individual or social context rather than on what’s right with an individual or a social context.o What’s victim blaming? Individual deficits perspective approacho James has had a drinking problem for quite some time. Friend and family get together to figure out ways to help him. This is called what? Mesosystem o James get’s a DUI and needs to be dropped of at school now. However his mom is taking a class at a community class and can no longer driving. The school is called what? Exosystemo The bar where james drinks Microsystemo DUI laws are what? Macrosystemo What kind of prevention is psychotherapy? Tertiaryo Is HIV treatment indicated or selective secondary prevention of AIDS?