Phil 1800 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 7 Lecture Week 1 January 22 Phaedo 29 40 Interests and qualities of the body Interests and qualities of the soul What the Self is Interests and qualities of the body Body care of pleasure hindrance to knowledge distraction all physical things are particulars Most people will seek the body seeking the body is damaging Body is changing will cease to exist Body senses visible unintelligible changing mortal Realm of physical things Interests and qualities of the soul Soul knowledge of absolutes Justice beauty good particulars Known through contemplation Intellectual people will seek the soul when your soul is away from the body you are free to knowledge of absolutes once in a body you are distracted Soul is unchanging your soul will never end Learning recollection can learn through questioning something you ve already known Soul rational invisible intelligible unchanging immortal Realm of ideas What the Self is Death separation of soul and body The body can t be the real you because the body will die and the soul will move into another body Self SOUL Philosopher lives a life which strives for the freedom of the soul Lecture Week 2 January 27 The Allegory of the Cave 22 28 the Republic PDF What is ultimate reality Cave The threepart soul Republic The just soul Republic Allegory of the Cave Visible realm particulars in cave What does the shadow of the duck represent imagination images particulars The wooden duck physical objects particulars perception belief you believe through your senses that something is real Intelligible Realm Ideas Universals outside cave The duck reflecting in water understanding mathematical hypothesis Reason forms absolute knowledge universals image of a duck is a copy of a copy Actual duck lower forms material things Stars moon higher forms beauty justice a quality we place upon things Sun represents the good that makes knowledge possible The sun allows you to see things clearly it illuminates things In cave Things are less real less true opinion and body Out cave Things are real true knowledge and soul The Republic 1 2 3 Soul 3 Parts Reason Passion Desire We have a desire for things Food drink material things We desire things cookies example but reason tells us otherwise biggest part appetite desire desire for things is opposite to reason Spirit Passion Anger emotion passion Reason Calm clear rational thought Knows what s good for you as a whole Knows what s desire and passion wants Just Soul Reason rules over the entire soul Spirit passion is both subject ally to reason like a trained dog Reason spirit are in control and rule over appetite Ideal state Philosopher kings queens rulers Reason and wisdom Auxiliaries military police role in society to live in their passion passion courage if they owned property would become more corrupt Merchant production etc appetite temperance ability to accept things are right in place Reason and spirit protect self soul from threats within and without each part of the soul has a related virtue Reason wisdom Spirit courage confronting things Appetite temperance Lecture Week 3 February 5 Aristotle Week 3 On the Soul Bk 2 90 99 What the Self is or what life is What the soul is for Aristotle The three parts of the soul Which part of the soul is primary for humans Nicomachean Ethics Bk I PDF What the primary greatest good is What the purpose of human life is Aristotle Soul There is no ideal forms of things Substance matter form Form of object is in the object itself Matter potentiality form actuality 4 Causes Material matter Formal form Efficient act of making Final purpose everything has a purpose Self Aristotle Life body matter soul form All living things do the same thing nourishment staying alive metabolizing things energy 3 Aspects of the Soul 1 Nutritive vegetable animal human all living things nourishment generation constant nourishment of staying alive 2 sensitive soul animal human sensation and motion 3 rational humans only humans only thinking nutritive and sensitive soul dies with the body but an element of the soul lives on Nichomachean Ethics Human activity aims at some good Good is for its own sake You pursue other things to bring happiness Happiness eudainonia Living well and doing well Over a complete life a life that lived well Self body soul Purpose pursuit of happiness the good life through virtue ethical dispositions towards action ethics Lecture Week 4 February 10 Augustine and Aquinas Week 4 Augustine The Freedom of the Will 110 120 What the Self is Two defining characteristics of humans Good and Evil two classes of things Aquinas Summa Theologica 121 127 What the Self Man is Three parts of the Soul What makes the Human soul unique Augustine Plato Influence 2 types of evil when someone had done evil or suffered from evil God does not cause people to do evil the cause of evil is from free will from a desire that is blameworthy You cannot lose your soul or your God Good men seek eternal goods Evil men seek earthly temporal goods Freewill What also makes us human along with reasoning the choice to choose that reasoning freewill Goodwill that by which we seek to live a good life and attain perfect wisdom to know God To have goodwill you have to want it Evil comes from freewill Self soul reason and freewill Plato self soul reason Good pursue eternal things forms absolute knowledge Bad pursue material things only Freewill is a gift from God Aquinas Aristotle Influence Soul first principle of life Human soul intellect incorporeal non physical subsistent Can remain on its own your soul can remain on w o your body Self man is both body soul 3 levels of soul Nutritive soul body soul dies w body Sensitive soul body soul dies w body Reason intellect soul only humans only Body matter potentiality Soul form actuality Intellect soul is the form of the human body Only one soul nutrition sensation and intellect are one soul is modification of body Lecture Week 4 5 February 12 Hinduism and Buddhism Week 4 and 5 Hinduism The Upanishads 128 142 150 156 Consciousness and death What the Soul is Atman and Brahman What the Self is Hinduism All things are good for the love of your soul All things are not good for their own sake but for the love of the soul why is there unconsciousness in death in death everything becomes one s self that which is in all things is your soul Brahmin the enlightened person Desires no things Sees the soul in all things Calm patient enduring The soul