HIST1501 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last LectureI.Virginia, Cont. A. Bacon’s Rebellion B. Virginia as a slave society C. The codification ofracism II. Slavery in SouthCarolina A. Barbados B. Rice C. Black Majority D. Southern patriarchy: “Little Kingdoms” Outline of Current LectureIII. Americans in the British Empire A. Colonial elites and American patriarchy B. “Being colonial” C. Anglicization D. Creolization E. Cultural Backwardness F. Economic Inferiority G. Mercantilism (Ex: Hat Act, Iron Act) H. “Dependent Masters” Current Lecture• By 1760s colonies are well developed and the oldest colonies are about150 years old with towns, cities, infrastructures, and populationgrowth• 1660: 75,000 1710:325,000 1760:2 million (20% slaves) 1775: 30 million (30%)• Colonies were very separate from Britain and were on the very edge ofcivilization • Colonies were still traditional in social relationships and were verycommitted to monarchy and patriarchy • Colonial gentry had emerged keeping hierarchy structure, exceptdeference, this includes the founding fathers • Gentry would look down on everyday people (i.e. Adams,Washington, and Hamilton would think the lower class couldn'tthink) • British colonials were provincials (Hicks of the british empire who tried to model their society after London, but were still influenced by their environment) Competing culture forces• Anglicization: Attempt of British Americans to keep their Britishnessby trying to keep up with the british culture (mixture of inheritanceand copying) • Would copy art trends, fashion, architecture, and would read thenewspapers from England • Led to self-denial that they were different and not fully English • It was a way to legitimate their authority because they werethe “least corrupted by their environment and were the top ofthe society” • Creolization: • Creol= someone of old world decent who is born in the new world • Had a cultural pull to becoming American and developing theirown culture with adaptations • There was different mixtures of people and culture • still were on diets of maze and rice • Create distinctions between the Americans and British • Had more wood structures than stone, not completely symmetricalhouses, and paintings were exaggerated with gardens and balconies• Colonies seemed backwards to British people because they couldn't keep up with the times, were not real aristocrats, didn't have enough money, had to earn their deference, lived in crude environments, and believed that cruder environments lead to cruder people (the colonies also had slaves which was seen as barbaric) • In 1739 there was an ad in the papers to sell an estate with a selling pointthat their garden represented those in England, but they never forgot thattheir wealth came from slavery • 1739 reveals the irony in anglicization • Anxiety and a sense of inferiority set in when they realized that theycould never truly keep up with the british • They hadn't built up educational institutions and children had to go toEurope • Kids were taught their status in the colonies and when they went to school they quickly realized their real positions and that they were treated differently • Degeneracy: A theory that as a result of cold and wet climate in the New World everything else was weak and feeble (people, animals, plants) and that anything that goes over to the new world also became stupid and feeble • Colonists realized they were being looked down upon whichcreated anxiety Economic Inferiority: • mercantilism: a way that European economies function • England was in competition with other countries and trade wasapart of these competitions (wanted the most wealth and gold) • Didn't want to buy from France or Spain so the colonies exist so theycould keep their wealth in the empire and be self-sufficient • The colonies were restricted from buying goods from other countries • the colonies produced raw materials and would buy british consumeritems • Colonies couldn't get into manufacturing their own goods because itwould create competition within the same empire • The Hat Act limited the manufacturing of hats so they couldn't make orsell them but only buy them from England• The Iron Act said that colonies could mine iron but not refine it • Colonial elites wanted to buy British stuff and wasn't just about ego and self-importance, but also about political power (higher status was tied to wealth and goods) • Because of mercantilist system the majority of gold and money was going out of the colonies so they only way to buy new things was by buying on credit which led to debt • By 1760 even the wealthiest were full of debt which created a lot of anxiety because they were worried their debts would be called out and they would be exposed and lose their status • The gentry became known as “dependent masters” because they werethe masters of the colonies but were dependent culturally, economically,and politically on the real gentry and aristocracy in