ANTH 120 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Hardy Weinberg EquilibriumOutline of Current Lecture II. Primate Taxonomy IIII. What is a primate?Current LectureWhy do we care about Primates? Because they are the closest thing to humansThe Primate Radiation Extraordinary diversity of nonhuman primates- 300+ species recognized- >400 taxa- Sizes vary greatly- Shapes very greatlyWhat is a primate? Opposable Thumbs, Five Digits, Forward Facing Eyes, Linnaean ClassificationKingdom: Animalia - Multicellular- Mobile- Sense Organs- Eat Food Class: Mammalia - Warm Blooded- Hair- Mammary GlandsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Birth Live OffspringOrder: Primates- Adapted to life in trees- Grasping hands- Large brains- Stereoscopic Vision (seeing in 3-D)- Generalized Body Plan (Few derived features, generalized morphology)Types of Primates1. Lemur and Loris2. Tarsier3. Monkeysa. Old World Monkeyb. New World Monkey4. Apesa. Gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon, humanWhat makes a primate?1. Primitive Body Plana. 5 grasping digits, opposable thumbs, big toesi. Power Grip: grabbing on to a hammer, grabbing onto a branchii. Precision Grip: precise movements of digitsb. Enhanced touch emphasize on feeling and touching things, nails, fingerprintsi. Dermal Ridges = finger prints (same as humans)ii. Nails NOT clawsc. Generalized Body Plani. 2 arms, 2 legs, 5 digitsii. Clavicleiii. Upright Postured. Generalized Teethi. Heterodont Dentition1. 4 types of teeth: Incisors, canines, premolars, molars2. Upper Quadrant 2.1.2.3 The Dental FormulaLower Quadrant 2.1.2.3 3. Canine/ Premolar Honing Complex: upper canine sharpens itself on the premolar that is below4. Diastema a gap or space in between incisor and canine which allows them to close their mouth5. Sectorial Premolar looks like a canine tooth one single cusp, in humans this tooth has two cusps with this premolar2. Emphasis on Learning and Social Behaviora. Single Offspringi. One offspring at a timeii. Several years between birthsiii. Mothers care for their offspring for a long period of timeb. Extended Ontogeny (growth and development)i. Very Long period of growth and developmentc. Sociality (pairs or groups)i. A savanna Baboon Troop in Kenyaii. Dominance Hierarchy (Alpha Male – Alpha Female)iii. Group Living protectioniv. Gibbons are monogamous primates3. Elaboration of Vision and Neocortex (derived part of the brain)a. Enclosed Orbitsi. Bony enclosure around their eyeballii. Post orbital bar (Lemur) increased visioniii. Post Orbital Plate (macaque and humans) full bone surrounding the full side of the back eyeb. Forward Facing Eyes with Stereoscopic Visioni. Eyes are in the front and protected in the sides and the backc. Large Brainsi. Encephalization Brain to Body Size of an Individualii. Increased Neocortex Size1. The Larger section of the brain, higher
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