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UO ENVS 202 - Greenhouse and Carbon
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ENVS 202 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Climate ChangeII. The AtmosphereIII. Greenhouse GasesOutline of Current Lecture I. Review of Greenhouse Effect and Greenhouse GasesII. CarbonCurrent LectureI. Review of Greenhouse Effect and Greenhouse GasesIncoming shortwave energy is reflected or absorbedIt may be reradiated as longwave infrared radiationUltimately, input matches outputRadiation from sun is higher at the tropics, but Earth emits energy about the same regardless of latitudeThe poles radiate more than they receiveOcean and atmosphere move heat to the tropicsMajor greenhouse gases: water vapor, CO2, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, PFCsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Anthropogenic sourcesCO2: combustion of organic matter, fossil fuels, cement manufacturingMethane: anaerobic decay in wetlands, agriculture, leaky transmission lines, wastewatertreatmentN2O: fertilizer, animal waste, fossil fuel combustionHFCs/PFCs: semiconductor industry to replace CFCsHow much does CO2 change per year? ~2ppmIs there a warming hiatus?There is a natural variability, but overall there is a definite upward trend in CO2 levelsHow can oxygen isotopes tell us about past climate?What is an isotope? Two or more forms of an element having the same number of protons in the nucleus (same atomic number) but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus (different atomic weight)Ratio of O16 and O18O16 evaporates more readily since it is lighterDuring warm periods, relative amount of O18 will increase in the ocean waters since more O16 is evaporatingIce cores from glaciers preserve records of past oxygen isotope recordsOther records that tell us about the past: tree rings, corals, sediments, pollen grains in paleosoilsII. CarbonGlobal carbon stores from highest to lowestIntermediate and deep oceanFossil fuelsVegetation, soil, detritusSurface oceanAtmosphereHow does carbon exist in soils?Dead organic matter and humusHow does carbon go from the atmosphere to vegetation, soil, and detritus?Photosynthesis and decayHow does carbon go from vegetation, soil, and detritus to the atmosphere?Respiration and combustionHow do the fossil fuels coal, oil, and gas contain carbon?They were once living things- plants or plankton mostly that never burned or fully respired before being


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