PSYX 100 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I No class Screening day Outline of Current Lecture I The Midbrain II The Forebrain III Thalamus IV Hypothalamus V Limbic System VI Cerebrum VII PNS VIII Spinal Cord IX Sensations and Perceptions X Psychophysics XI Subliminal Messaging Current Lecture I II III IV The Midbrain a Integrates sensory processes b Affects the release of dopamine c Plays a role in vision and hearing d Reticular formation i Runs through the mid and hind brain ii Plays a role in sleep and arousal iii Muscle reflexes breathing and pain perception The Forebrain a Largest structure in the brain b Includes thalamus hypothalamus limbic system amygdala and hippocampus cerebrum frontal parietal temporal and occipital lobes Thalamus a Though of as the way station b Relays all sensory information to the cerebral cortex i This sensory information is integrated after it passes through the thalamus Hypothalamus These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute a b c d V VI VII VIII The needs regulator Regulates basic biological needs Controls autonomic nervous system Survival drives the 4 F s i Fighting fleeing feeding and fornicating Limbic System a The center of emotions b Loosely connected network that contributes to emotion memory motivation and pleasure center c Include i Hippocampus plays a role in memory ii Amygdala role in learned fear responses The Cerebrum a Center of complex thought b Has two hemispheres left and right that are connected by the corpus callosum c Divided into four lobes frontal parietal temporal and occipital d Occipital visual processing e Parietal sense of touch f Temporal auditory processing g Frontal primary motor cortex mirror neurons directs thought processes Peripheral Nervous System PNS a Consists of all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord or the CNS b Nerves bundles of neurons or neural networks c PNS is divided into somatic and autonomic d Somatic Nervous System i Voluntary muscles and sensory receptors ii Afferent nerve fibers sensory nerves 1 Carry info INTO the CNS iii Efferent nerve fibers motor nerves 1 Carry info AWAY from the CNS e Autonomic Nervous System i Nerves that connect to the heart blood vessels smooth muscles and glands ii Unconsciously controlled actions digestion heart rate perspiration iii Physiological arousal related to emotions iv Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic v Sympathetic mobilizes body for fight or flight response 1 Triggers release of adrenal hormones vi Parasympathetic conserves energy 1 Performs opposite functions than sympathetic a Slows heart rate reduces blood pressure etc Spinal Cord IX X XI a Connects the brain to the rest of the body thought of as an extension of the brain b Referred to as the information highway c if injured results in disrupted neural communication below the point of injury may result in paralysis Sensation and Perception a Sensation stimulation of sense organs i Physiological b Perception selection organization and interpretation of sensory input i Psychological c Humans rely heavily on sight much of our sensations perceptions start with visual cues Psychophysics a How physical stimuli are transferred into psychological experiences b Stimulus detectable input from the environment can be essentially anything c Absolute threshold minimum stimulus intensity that humans pick up only noticed 50 of the time i Examplesii Vision seeing a candle flame that is thirty miles away on a clear night iii Hearing tick of a watch that is 20 feet away iv Taste tasting 1 teaspoon of sugar in two gallons of water d Just Noticeable Differences JND i How much stimuli need to differ in order for humans to know the difference ii Smallest difference in intensity an organism can detect iii Weber s Law the size of a JND is a constant proportion Subliminal Messaging a Registration of sensory input can be possible without conscious awareness b Highly prevalent in pop culture
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