POLS 102 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Study Guide for Test 1Outline of Current Lecture 1. Research paper requirements2. What is majoritarian democracy?3. Steps necessary to achieve majoritarian democracy4. Assumptions of majoritarian democracy5. What is pluralism?6. Steps necessary to achieve pluralismCurrent LectureResearch paper Rough draft due March 3rd – 25% of your grade for your paperFinal draft due April 16th – 75% of your grade for your paperTurn in hard copy during class and on turnitin.comFormat – 5 pagesParagraph 1: - Introduction - Thesis: something from class or a reading is correct or incorrect- Preview of information: “In this paper I will discuss x, y and z and how they relate to my thesis”Paragraph 2: - Introduce a source- Give information of your research from the source- Analysis: why this information supports the thesisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Paragraph 3: - Introduce a source- Give information of your research from the source- Analysis: why this information supports the thesisParagraph 4: - Introduce a source- Give information of your research from the source- Analysis: why this information supports the thesisParagraph 5:- Conclusion: why it’s the case that your information and analysis supports your thesis statement.Majoritarian and Pluralism1. WHAT IS MAJORITARIAN DEMOCRACY?- Responses in government based on what the majority of the population wants, through public opinion. How the world should work.2. STEPS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE MAJORITARIAN DEMOCRACY:A. The electorate is informed about policyo E.g. heath care/social security reform and policyo E.g. the positions of politicians on these issueso Policy Instruments -> Policy Outcomes- What the government wants and what occurs because of it- Example: the government subsidizes insurance -> more people have health insurance = a healthier insurance pool = stabilizes health insurance costs.B. Individuals develop positions on issuesC. Individuals develop knowledge about the positions of political candidates on these issueso Are these politicians for or against an issue that I really care about?D. Individuals vote (choose candidates) based on congruence between their issue positions and those of the candidatesE. The Government implements majority opinion through lawso If you’re part of the minority you have to incur conformity costs.3. ASSUMPTIONS OF MAJORITARIAN DEMOCRACYA. The public actually has correct knowledge about issues and candidateso Is this really the case? No- Time is scarce- People might not know about all the issues but they focus on one- People might not have access to the sources of information- “People tend to look through partisan colored glasses” = they onlyfocus on issues based on their party affiliationB. Fixed/Firm public preferences about what policies should be made by the governmento Is this the case? No, views of the American public constantly change – even on the most stable of issues.C. A majority actually exists o Dahl’s critique of “the myth of presidential mandate”- A president can’t credibly claim that the majority voted him into office based on one specific issue – that’s laughable- Once presidents are elected, they try to argue that they can pass alaw based on an issue they focused on during their election because they say since they were elected, the majority must agreewith their stance on the issue. - It is never clear that the majority elected the president or that they elected him based on one specific issue.a. People could have voted for Obama for any number of reasons: Obamacare, anti-Romney, they may not support him but they voted anyway, etc. 4. WHAT IS PLURALISM? A. Democracy through interest group compromiseB. Government should be responsive to interest groups and make compromise between interest groups.C. Goes against what Madison has to say in Federalist 10, they believe that factions aren’t bad; they are necessary to help democracy. And if people aren’t lobbying through groups – they don’t care and the policy outcomes won’t affect them.5. STEPS NECESSARY FOR PLURALISMA. People join interest groupsB. Groups lobby the government on issues that affect those groups interestsC. Policy is a compromise between groups that lobby o The Policy Bubble- Reflects the interests of these groups in a relatively fair