Chem 102 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Syllabus Outline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 12, 1.1 - Organic and Inorganic CompoundsIII. 1.2 - Bonding Characteristics of the Carbon atomIV. 1.3 - Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon DerivativesV. 1.4 - Alkanes : Acyclic Saturated HydrocarbonsVI. 1.5 - Structural FormulasVII. 1.6 - Alkane IsomerismCurrent Lecture1.1 - Organic and Inorganic CompoundsOrganic vs. Inorganic • Organic chemistry: Study of hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen atoms) and their various derivatives.– Examples: natural gas, petroleum, plastics, rubbers, paper, carbohydrates (sugar, starch), proteins, enzymes, fatty acids, food stuff, drugs, textiles, etc• Inorganic chemistry: Study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives. – Examples of inorganic compounds: sulfuric acid, nitric acid, ores and minerals, air, baking powder, caustic soda, table salt, metal alloys (brass, bronze), etc.1.2 - Bonding Characteristics of the Carbon atom• Carbon (C) atom always makes total of 4 Bonds • The sharing of four valance electrons requires the formation of four covalent bonds which are represented by four lines.1.3 - Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Derivatives• Hydrocarbon: Compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. • Hydrocarbon derivative: Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements.• Saturated hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon with all carbon– carbon bonds single bonds. • Unsaturated hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds, or both).1.4 - Alkanes : Acyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons• Alkanes: Open chain (straight or branched) compounds of carbon and hydrogen. • All bonds are single bonds. • General formula: CnH2n+2 .1.5 - Structural Formulas• Expanded Structural Formula: A two-dimensional structural representation that depicts the bonding of all atoms in a molecule. • Condensed Structural Formula: Structural arrangements of different groupings (a central atom connected with other atoms) in a molecule.1.6 – Alkane IsomerismStructural (Constitutional) Isomerism• Isomers: Compounds having same molecular formula, but different structural arrangements (different connectivity of atoms) are called Isomers, and the phenomenon is known as isomerism. • Continuous-chain alkane: Carbon atoms are connected in a continuous nonbranching chain. • Branched-chain alkane: one or more branches (of carbon atoms) are attached to a continuous chain.Structural (Constitutional) Isomerism • Constitutional Isomers: isomers that differ in connectivity of atoms. • Space-filing models for the three isomeric C5H12 alkanes: Pentane, Isopentane &