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CU-Boulder PSYC 1001 - Neuron Messages
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PSYC 1001 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Axon Signala. Refractory Period Outline of Current Lecture I. Neuron Messages a. ReuptakeII. Integrating Signals III. Neurotransmitters and Behaviors IV. Acetylcholine Current Lecture2. Message from one neuron to another.I. Synopse: Junction between the axon tip of sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.II. Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers that traverse synoptic gap between neurons.a. Synoptic Vesicles: Small sacs that store neurotransmitters toward the synopse.i. Action potential transports vesicles toward the synopse.1. Vesicle fuses with axon tip’s membrane.a. Releases neurotransmitter into the gap.2. Neurotransmitter binds to a receptor.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Receptor: Protein molecules on dendrite or the cellbody of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters.i. Like a lock (receptor) and a key (neurotransmitter).b. Opens up channels that allow ions to rush in.i. Excitatory: Increases the likelihood of an action potential.ii. Inhilatory: Decreases the likelihood of an action potential.III. Neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap is gone after a small fraction of a second.a. Reuptake: Neurotransmitter is transported back to sending neuron for recycling.3. Integrating Signals: Each neuron is connected to many other neurons.a. 100’s to 10’s of thousands.b. Some are excitatory, some inhibitoryc. Not all neurons give the same message and the axon has to decide which message to uptake.d. Summed near the axon hillock.i. Decision made to open the channel to start an action potential or not.4. Neurotransmitters and Behaviorsa. Methodsi. Measure metabolic byproduct of a neurotransmitter.ii. Use Animals1. Directly inject or measure the neurotransmitter in the brain (painful).iii. Use the neurotransmitter against and antagonists. 1. Against: A channel that facilitates action of a neurotransmitter antagonist.2. Antagonist: A channel that blocks or inhibits effects of a neurotransmitter.5. Some neurotransmitters and associated functionsa. Acetylcholinei. Neurotransmitter between motor neurons and skeletal muscles.1. Curace: Blocks the receptor sitesa. An antagonistb. Involved with attention, arousal and memory.i. Acetylcholine neurons die off in Alzheimer’s disease.c. Black widow spider venom stimulates the release of acetylcholine.d. Botulim (Botulism toxin)i. Blocks the release of acetylcholine from a standing


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