Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Anatomy of the Human Spine II. VertebralColumn III. Spinal Curves IV. The Thorax V. Ligaments and Nerves VI. Bone Health VII. Intervertebral Discs VIII. Motion Segment IX. Cervical Movement X. LumbarMovement XI. Loads on the Spinal Column XII. Rectus Abdominis XIII. External Obliques XIV. Internal Obliques XV. Transversus Abdominis XVI. Erector Spinae Muscles XVII. Quadratus Lumborum XVIII. Multifidi XIX. Muscles that Move the Head XX. Core Training XXI. Abdominal Hollowing vs Bracing Outline of Current Lecture I. Bones HPER 205 1st Edition These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best !used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !II. Joints III. SC Ligaments IV. AC Ligaments V. Brachial Plexus VI. Movements VII. Movements and Muscles VIII. Shoulder Girdle Muscles IX. Trapezius Current Lecture A. Bones1. Scapula and claviclea. move as a unitb. clavicle’s articulation with sternum is only bony kink to axial skeletonc. often fractured because:- shape- held in place by ligaments- little protectionB. Joints1. Sternoclavicular (SC)a. multiaxialb. movements- protraction- retraction- elevation- depression2. Acromioclavicular (AC)a. 20 to 30 degree total gliding and rotational motionb. often injured (separated shoulder)3. Scapulothoracica. not a true synovial jointb. movement depends on SC and AC joints- abduction/adduction- elevation/depression- upward/downward rotationc. supported dynamically by musclesd. no ligamentous supportC. SC Ligaments1. Ligamentous supporta. anterior SC lig.b. posterior SC lig.c. costoclavicular and inter clavicular - prevent supporter displacementD. AC Ligaments1. Ligamentous supporta. superior acromioclavicularb. inferior acromioclavicularc. coracoacromial ligamentd. corococlavicular ligament- conoid- trapezoidE. Brachial Plexus1. Roots2. Trunks3. Divisions4. Cords5. Branches6. Network of nerve fibers that run from the spine to the upper extremity7. Any type of lesion in the BP area leads to functional impairmentF. Movements1. Protraction (Abduction)2. Retraction (Adduction3. Upward rotation4. Downward rotation5. Depression6. ElevationG. Movements and Muscles1. Shoulder girdle muscles function:a. stabilize scapula- provides a base for upper extremity movements such as throwing, batting, etcb. maintain scapula in relatively static position during shoulder joint actionc. Move shoulder girdle to enhance movement of upper extremity- occurs when shoulder goes through extreme range2. Synergy with glenohumeral jointa. during extreme shoulder joint ROM- scapula muscles move shoulder girdle so that gleaned fossa is in optimal positionb. without scapula movement shoulder joint ROM would be 90 degrees drying abduction and flexion3. 5 muscles primarily involved in shoulder girdle movementsa. all originate on axial skeleton and insert on scapula and clavicleH. Shoulder Girdle Muscles1. 5 musclesa. trapezius - upper, middle, and lower fibersb. rhomboids - major & minorc. levator scapulad. serratus anteriore. pectoralis minorI. Trapezius1. Most superficial2. Divided into three portionsa. upper, middle, upper3. Actionsa. elevation, upward rotation, retraction, depression4. Origin - skull & vertebrae5. Insertion - clavicle & spine of