PSYCH 304 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Lecture 1 (January 13)Introduction to Life Span DevelopmentDefine Life Span Development.Life Span Development: the changes that occur in one’s life from birth to death that influences all choices and behaviours dictated in said lifeWhat are normative and Non-normative events, and give an example of each.Normative events are circumstances in life that is generally shared by most people within a cohort. One example could be prom: most teenagers attend their high school prom, so a cohort can be united by that one commonality.Non-normative events are rare circumstances that happen to individual(s) of a cohort that can make them feel isolated. One example that was given in class was a parent committing suicide.What is a critical period? Give an example of a critical period, and list a drawbacks of not using it wisely.A critical period is a specific range of time in which one part of the brain responsible for certain learning abilities is turned on, allowing for maximum absorption in children. An example given in class what the critical period of language. Generally speaking, around the age of twelve, the part of the brain that processes language turns off meaning if a child tries to learn a different language after the age of twelve, they will never speak it fluently. Ironically, most public schools in the US do not introduce dual language courses until after the age of twelve.Lecture 2 (January 15) List two psychologist and their areas of focus.Freud- Psychosexual analysis Maslow- Contextual HumanismErikson- Psychodynamic analysis BonfrenbrennerRogers- Humanism Skinner- BehaviourismBandura- Learning Piaget- CognitionBowlby- EvolutionaryList the steps in order of the scientific method.Question, Hypothesis, design, data collection, analysis, publicationList and define the four types of studies.Cross-Sectional - fast and dirty study that tests an independent variable against a large, random sampleLongitudinal - Costly and time consuming study that involves studying the same group of individuals periodically of decades Case Study-similar to a longitudinal study; lengthy and costly; usually follows one individual for a long period of timeCross-Sequential- best of both worlds between cross-sectional and longitudinal case studiesLecture 3 (January 20)List the stages of prenatal development in chronological order.Germinal (Zygotic), Embryonic, FetalDefine Teratogens. List three male teratogens and their symptoms displayed by a newborn.Any factor or agent that causes a malfunction in the development of an embryo.Cocaine – produces poorly developed sperm. Children are often born with mental retardationGulf-War syndrome- children are born without arms and legsGasoline (example given in class) – Bargdill specifically wanted us to know the scenario he gave us in class. Men who work in industrial areas would wash the grease off of their hands with gasoline.List the one teratogen shared by both men and women that does not require any outside force.Age.Lecture 4 (January 22)In class, Bargdill told the story of two medicinal drugs that were released to pregnant women. Consequently their children were born with severe side-effect, including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. What were the two drugs, and what were they intended to treat/prevent?Thalidomide - It was originally marketed as a sleeping pill to help those during the post-war panic. However, it was then discovered the drug could also be used to treat morning sickness, which can be a serious side effect of pregnancy.DES – This drug claimed to prevent miscarriages. However, while many babies did not die in the womb, babies who were born to mothers who ingested this drug often succumbed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.Older women who give birth have an increased chance of having children with what disorder?Down Syndrome.Which of the following is a prenatal assessment practice whose methods were used to perform do-it-yourself abortions: amniocentesis, ultrasound, or chorionic villius sampling?Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis is a very risky, and frowned upon, method that involves extracting a sample of amniotic fluid. Many women would unwind coat hangers and shove them up into themselves and try to pop the amniotic sac in order to abort the baby.Lecture 5 (January 27)List the four types of childbirth. Circle the one(s) that are non-medicated forms of birth.Hospital Lamaze C-Section MidwifeOne of the many problems that can go wrong is a lack of oxygen to the baby. List the two types, and describe their differences.Anoxia is the absence of oxygen to the organs in spite of adequate blood flow.Hypoxia is a decrease of oxygen in tissues in spite of adequate blood flow.What are the stages of childbirth in order? Dilation, effacement, Delivery, Placenta, Recovery, MonitoringLecture 6 (January 29)Recreate the APGAR System chart used in class.Appearance 0: blue 1: pink; blueextremities2: pinkPulse 0: absent 1: under 100 bpm 2: over 100 bpmGrimace 0: Flaccid 1: some flexion 2: activeActivity 0: absent 1: arms and legsflexed2: active movementRespiration 0: Absent 1: slow and irregular 2: vigorous, cryingProfessor Bargdill listed two principles of development that we needed to know for the test. What are they?Head to Toe; Near to FarList some of the reasons why C-sections are frowned upon.-Monetary gain for doctors-lengthened recovery time-extra time spent in hospital-extra time off of work for recovery -children who are born after the first c-section are also c-section birthsLecture 7 (February 3)How many reflexes are babies born with? How many are left by the end of the first year?A baby is born with twenty-five reflexes. By the end of the first year, they only have seventeen.List the five senses in order most developed to least developed.Hearing, Smell, Touch, Taste, SightThe United States is among the most developed countries in the world. What medical statistic stressed in class is surprisingly high for such an advanced country?The United States Infant Mortality Rate is high for first world countries. The Infant Mortality Rate is the amount of infant deaths per capita between the ages of 0 to 6