Kinesiology 122: Physical Activity and HealthExam #1 Study Guide Chapter 1 & 3Week 1: Overview of Physical Activity, Health, and FitnessReadings:Week 1 Introductory activityHealthKnow the WHO definition of health.How has the conceptualization of health changed over time?Know which of the seven dimensions of health were added to the WHO definition.Understand and be able to describe each dimension of health.Quality of LifeFactors Influencing LongevityWhat role does behavior play in reducing the risk for premature death?Risk Factors for DeathWhat are the most common risk factors for death in high income countries?What role do modifiable behaviors play in mortality risk among high income countriesHow have the leading causes for death changed over time?Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical FitnessDefine each of these termsKnow the national physical activity guidelines for health for adults and childrenHow can we measure physical activityWhat are some of the factors that have contributed to increasingly sedentary lives in the United States?What are the benefits of engaging in physical activity (see Table 1.1, p. 11)KINESIOLOGY 122: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTHEXAM #1 STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 1 & 3WEEK 1: OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, HEALTH, AND FITNESSREADINGS:- Chapter 1: The Physical Activity and Health Connection- Chapter 3: Principles of Physical Fitness DevelopmentWEEK 1 INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY- Know and be able to define each dimension of health.HEALTHKNOW THE WHO DEFINITION OF HEALTH. - Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being not merely the absence ofdisease or infirmity HOW HAS THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF HEALTH CHANGED OVER TIME?- Now view health as wellness its dynamic and always changing over time KNOW WHICH OF THE SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH WERE ADDED TO THE WHO DEFINITION.- 4 that were added are spiritual, emotional, career, and environmental UNDERSTAND AND BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE EACH DIMENSION OF HEALTH.- Physical- overall condition of the body’s organ system- Intellectual- one’s mental capacities- Emotional- ability to express feelings appropriately- Social- having ability to interact effectively with others- Spiritual- pertains to soul or spirit- Career- pertains to ones chosen vocation - Environmental- everything around us, impact of natural and human made environments on ourhealth QUALITY OF LIFE- Subjective measure that reflect our levels of fulfillment, satisfaction, happiness, and feeling goodabout ourselves despite any limitations we may haveFACTORS INFLUENCING LONGEVITYWHAT ROLE DOES BEHAVIOR PLAY IN REDUCING THE RISK FOR PREMATURE DEATH?- Makes up almost 50% of the factors that reduce risk for premature death and things we havecontrol over - 15% social, 1%% medical care, 30% hereditary, > 10% environment, RISK FACTORS FOR DEATHWHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR DEATH IN HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES?- Tobacco use, high blood pressure, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and high blood glucoseWHAT ROLE DO MODIFIABLE BEHAVIORS PLAY IN MORTALITY RISK AMONG HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES- Its our choice if we smoke or do not exercise High BP is linked to behaviors andobesity/overweight are linked to behaviors - We can make choices to make a difference in our risk factor for death HOW HAVE THE LEADING CAUSES FOR DEATH CHANGED OVER TIME?- We now lead more sedentary life styles, death more related to behavioral choices notinfectious/communicable diseasePHYSICAL ACTIVITY, EXERCISE, AND PHYSICAL FITNESSDEFINE EACH OF THESE TERMS- Physical activity- is defined as any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletalmuscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal or resting level- Exercise- a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful, and apurposeful attempt to improve or maintain physical fitness, physical performance or health- Physical Fitness- physical fitness is not a behavior, let me say that again, it's not a behavior- it's a set of attributes or characteristics of a person, that a person has or achieves, and relates to the person's ability or capacity to perform specific types of physical activity efficiently and effectively.- Health Related Physical Fitness- cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscularendurance, body composition- Skill related physical fitness- agility, balance, coordination, speed, reaction time, power, KNOW THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN- Adults need 150 min (2 hours and 30 mins) of moderate intense aerobic activity every week- or 75 mins of vigorous intensity aerobic activity each week- or and equivalent mix of moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic activity and muscle strengtheningactivities on 2 or more days a week that work all major muscle groups- Children/adolescents should do 60 mins a day or more of physical activity with majority aerobic- Muscle strengthening 3 days per week as part of 60 mins and bone strengthening like running,jumping ropeHOW CAN WE MEASURE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY- Self report- individual reports level of participation in terms of frequency, intensity, and durationo Pros- non-invasive, fast easy, cost efficient o Cons- tendency for over reporting- Observation- researcher observes and records physical activity behavior o Pro- less chance for over reporting, watch individual in natural environmento Con- not cost efficient, not feasible for larger studies, researcher presence- Pedometer- counts number of stepso Pros- inexpensive, easy to use, objective measure of activityo Cons- no information about intensity or duration, not designed to capture all bodilymovements- Accelerometer- sensors measure quantity and intensity of movement o Pros- measure and store data on intensity, frequency, and duration of activity, moresensitive than pedometero Cons- expensive, does not capture all bodily movement WHAT ARE SOME OF THE FACTORS THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO INCREASINGLY SEDENTARY LIVES IN THE UNITED STATES?- Technology changes in workplace, widespread use of cars, labor-saving devices in home- Sedentary leisure activities, personal variable that make us resist activity WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ENGAGING IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (SEE TABLE 1.1, P. 11)- Reduces risk of premature death and chronic disease- Enhance weight management, overall immunity, and mental health COMPONENTS OF FITNESSDefine Components of Health Related Fitness-