PSC 202 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Quasi ExperimentsII. Observational studiesIII. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Outline of Current Lecture I. The comparative methodII. Method of differenceIII. Qualitative comparative analysisCurrent LectureI. The comparative method- After formulating a research question, the next step is to think about how to conductresearch- If the N number is too small, we use case study and comparative methods- Case: a phenomenon for which we report and interpret only a single measure on anypertinent variable )an event/observation)- Case study: the investigation of an event that scholars select for analysis- Comparative case study: comparing cases so that the research is more generalized- goal: to set up comparisons that isolate the effect of the independent variable- GENERAL APPROACH, NOT A SPECIFIC TECHNIQUE- Careful case selection is importantII. Method of difference- Developed by John Stuart Mill- method of difference: the outcome in the investigated cases must be different and allpossible independent variable should be similar with only one variable as an exception- method of agreement: there is agreement on the value of the dependent variable (inall cases under investigation we have the same outcome on the right side of the equation) and on the left side of the equation, the cases must be dissimilar but in one regardIII. Qualitative comparative analysisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- useful for moderate number of cases (10-40) where variables can be measured dichotomously (can be divided into two parts) - identified whether particular factors are necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the outcomes of interest- Dichotomous variable: a variable that contains two categorizes - Necessary condition: a factor that must be present for an outcome to occur; if no X, then no Y- Sufficient condition: a factor whose presence guarantees an outcome will occur; if X, then always Y- Steps:1.Measure variables dichotomously for each case2.Create a table with all possible combinations of the independent variables3.For each combination, count the total number of cases observed and how many times outcome occurs in these cases4.Identify necessary and sufficient conditions for the outcome of