BIOL 240 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Fragile X DiseaseII. InversionsIII. Robertsonian TranslocationOutline of Current Lecture I. InversionsII. Gene Duplication and Genome EvolutionIII. Alternative fates of duplicated genesIV. GlobinsCurrent LectureI. Inversions- Can help distinguish human chromosomes from syntenic chromosomes in other mammals- Large blocks of the same genes in the same order (syntenic block) are found between mouse and human chromosomes- Human chromosome #2 came to be by a Robertsonian translocation that fused two small chromosomes found in apesII. Gene Duplication and Genome Evolution- Repeated gene familieso rRNA genes—several hundred copies per genomeo histone genes—a dozen copies of all 5 major histone genes per genome- copy number variationo copy number correlates with importance of starch in dieto variation in number of large repeats is commomo salivary amylase genes vary in copy number from 2-16III. Alternative fates of duplicated genesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- After duplication, genes can either become inactivated, evolve into a new function, or have the function divided (same function but expressed in different tissues).- Some genes are duplicated to increase expressionIV. Globins- Oxygen binding proteins- Hemoglobin—carries oxygen through the blood via red blood
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