PSY 100 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide LecturesLecture 1 (1-22)Introduction to Psychology:-William Wundt: Father of modern day psychology, performed first psychological experiment, introspection, when ball hit the platform, participant hit the buzzer.Major Psychological Perspectives: Neuroscience- Focus on brain, Evolutionary- focus on natural selection, Psychodynamic-focus on unconscious, Behavioral- focus on learning, Cognitive- focus on mental processes, social-cultural- focus on environmentLecture 2 (1-27) Research StrategiesHindsight bias- I “knew it all along” phenomenon.Confirmation Bias- Tendency to search for information that confirms beliefsResearch Process: Research question—theory—hypothesisOperationalization- How variables are defined and measured. Lecture 3 (1/29)Correlation does not equal causation!Experimentation- manipulation of the Independent variableControl group-to observe naturally what happens without manipulation of the variablesDebreifing- “this is what we are really studying”Lecture 4 (2/3)Neuron- basic building block of nervous systemSoma-cell body and life supportDendrites- receive information and transfers to the somaAxon-send informationMyelin sheath- Wrapped around axon for speed transmissionNeural Communication- electrical within single neuron, chemical between multiple neuronsNeurotransmitters and Hormones- chemical messengersPeripheral Nervous system- comprised of the somatic and autonomicSomatic Nervous System- controls voluntary movements such as skeletal musclesAutonomic Nervous System- controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands-Sympathetic Nervous- part of autonomic- arousing-Parasympathetic Nervous-part of autonomic, calmingEndocrine system- master gland- pituitary, tells other glands what to do.Hormones travel through bloodLecture 5 (2/10)The BrainStudying the brain-lesion studies, through destruction of the tissue and its effectsEEG Study Measure brain waves, which is electricityPET Scan- Poisitron Emission Tomography- injection of radioactive sugarMRI-picture of the brain, tells structureFMRI-shows what part of brain is using up oxygen while preforming task.Callosotomy-cut brain in half, very rare, may be used as seizure solutionHemispherectomy- removal of half the brainBrain Structure- Hindbrain- brain stem and cerebellum- most primitive-Medulla- in charge of heart beat and breathing-Reticular Formation- Sits above medulla, keeps body conscious-Thalamus- sits atop brain stem, primary job is to relay sensory information to according cortexes -Cerebellum-in charge of balance, smooth coordinated movementsLecture 6 Midbrain- The Lymbic System-Amygdala-associated with aggression and fair, sometimes called the social brain-Hypothalamus- maintenance of hunger, thirst, temperature.-Hippocampus-memory process, where memories go and begin to process when asleep. Forebrain- Cerebral Cortex-Higher level thinking, divided into “lobes”-Frontal lobe- CEO of the brain, judgement, decision-making, planning, and personality-Parietal Lobe- integration of sensory information and spatial navigation-Motor Sensory Cortex- part of frontal and parietal lobe, motor cortex helps complete motor movements and plan them-Occipital Lobe- visual processing-Temporal Lobe- auditory processing, helps us recognize objects and