DOC PREVIEW
UNCG KIN 292 - Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication and Chemical Messengers

This preview shows page 1-2 out of 5 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 5 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 5 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 5 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

KIN 292 1nd Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Finishing Chapter 4 Outline of Current Lecture I. 5.1 Mechanisms of Intercellular CommunicationII. 5.2 Chemical MessengersCurrent LectureThese are the notes from Professor Starnes’ lecture of Clinical Human Physiology. These come from the slideshows provided by the professor and include extra notes and explanations. Highlighted or bolded information are things that I believe to be information that is important to look over multiple times. The notes in red are my personal additions and quotes of Professor Starnes from the class lecture. 5.1 Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication•https://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A0LEV7i.2dNUc1cAHX8nnIlQ;_ylu=X3oDMTB0N25ndmVnBHNlYwNzYwRjb2xvA2JmMQR2dGlkA1lIUzAwNF8x?p=cool+hand+luke+quotes&tnr=21&vid=8375B9EE765FCD6E09138375B9EE765FCD6E0913&l=37&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts3.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DUN.608010985515519515%26pid%3D15.1&sigi=11r4gc95u&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dmu1LaU2b_Uk&sigr=11bdo97e6&tt=b&tit=failure+to+communicate&sigt=10mnf2cnp&back=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.yahoo.com%2Fyhs%2Fsearch%3Fp%3Dcool%2Bhand%2Bluke%2Bquotes%26ei%3DUTF-8%26hsimp%3Dyhs-001%26hspart%3Dmozilla&sigb=131m99cc3&hspart=mozilla&hsimp=yhs-001•Our body requires communication among its 10 trillion cells in order to function properly.•General mechanisms (a lot less than 10 trillion)•Direct or IndirectFigure 5.1 Types of intercellular communication.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Gap junctions: - Link the cytosol of two adjacent cells- Particle movement between cells acts as a signal.- Common in smooth and cardiac muscleConnexons are formed by specialized plasma membrane proteinsParacrine Communication is shown here, where target cell is very near the Secretory or “Source” cell5.2 Chemical Messengers All messengers are ligands. definition, a molecule that binds to a receptor.•The messenger is produced by the source cell•The messenger is released, often by secretion•The messenger travels to the target cell•Target cell has receptors specific for the messenger, i.e., bind only tomessenger (ligand)•Binding of the messenger to the receptor triggers a target cell response•Communication is indirectFigure 5.2 Three Functional classes of chemical messengers.Paracrines. A subclass is Autocrine where source and target are the same cellNeurotransmitterHormoneDiscovery 5.1 Histamine, Antihistamines, and Allergies- Histamine is a paracrine chemical messenger causing allergic reactions and inflammation.- Inflammation results from increased blood flow to affected area (redness) and leak of fluid from blood vessels into tissue (swelling)https://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A2KLqIJ2mtNUGBsAGnf7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBzc2M2MjdyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQDBGdwb3MDMTE-?p=antihistamines+allergic+reactions&vid=97742055a93ddcc2b8f759ca989ae3af&l=1%3A27&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts2.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DVN.608053814927429409%26pid%3D15.1&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dy3bOgdvV-_M&tit=Allergy+3D+Medical+Animation&c=9&sigr=11bdg4k9o&sigt=10ss3h7cv&sigi=11r74vq3k&age=1211556725&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Av&hsimp=yhs-001&hspart=mozilla&tt=bAntihistamines are drugs that block the histamine receptors on target cells. Benadryl and Dramamine are examples.What is a common side effect of these drugs?•Drowsiness•These drugs block histamine receptors throughout the body including those in the brain involved in mental alertness. More specific blockers (also called antagonists) need to be developed that target only the affected tissues•Learn more about other famous histamine antagonists, such as Tagamet and Zantac, in Discovery box on page 127Chemical Classification of Messengers- All messengers are ligands. Ligand definition, a molecule, as an antibody, hormone, or drug, that binds to a receptor.- Chemical descriptions of the 5 chemical classes covered in previous chapterso Lipophobic (hydrophilic ligand).  Cannot cross cell membrane Receptors are on the cell membrane General actions include Enzyme activation and Membrane permeability changeso Lipophilic (hydrophobic) ligand. Easily goes through cell membrane Receptors have intracellular location General action is via gene activationFigure 5.7 Transport of messengers in blood. Synthesis and Release of Chemical Messengers- Hydrophilic messenger Synthesis is independent of demand. Stored in vesicles of the source until needed. Release rate depends on exocytosis rate. Exocytosis described in Chapter 4 (next slide).Relatively short half-life (length of time to decrease in concentration by half)- Hydrophobic messenger Synthesized on demand. Can’t be stored because they will leak out. Immediate release from source. Release rate depends on synthesis. Need carrier proteins to move through plasma. Relatively long half-life.Figure 4.22 Exocytosis. Only lipophobic (hydrophilic) substances can be retained in secretory vesiclesChemical Classification of Messengers•Amino acids•Lipophobic•Target cell receptors on the cell membrane•Synthesized within a neuron•Stored in vesicles until needed•Only four amino acids function as messengers: Glutamate, aspartate, glycine, GABA•Amines•Most are lipophobic, except thyroid hormones•Target receptors on the cell membrane•Made or derived from an amino acid•Contains an amine group•Examples:•Catecholamines (Dopamine, norepinephrine, ephinephrine): Made from tyrosine (next slide)•Thyroid hormones: Made from two tyrosine amino acids•Histamine: Made from histidine•Serotonin: Made from tryptophanFigure 5.3 Catecholamine synthesis.- Produced from tyrosine in the cytosol of the source- The amine produced is determined by which enzymes are present in the source cell- Stored in vesicles of the source- Released by exocytosisChemical Classification of Messengers•Peptide and protein messengers•Most abundant type of ligand•Lipophobic•Target receptors on the cell membrane•Made of chains of amino acids•Peptide ligand (<50 amino acids)•Protein ligand (>50 amino acids)Figure 5.4a Peptide synthesis and release.- Formed by cleaving larger proteins- Stored in secretory vesicles- Released by exocytosisFigure 5.5 Steroids Synthetic pathway.- Lipophilic- Synthesized on demand- All derived from cholesterol- All function as hormonesFigure 5.6


View Full Document

UNCG KIN 292 - Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication and Chemical Messengers

Documents in this Course
Load more
Download Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication and Chemical Messengers
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication and Chemical Messengers and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication and Chemical Messengers 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?