CHEM 122 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last LectureI. Temperature Effects on Gas SolubilityII. Colligative Properties of Solutionsa. Lower vapor pressureb. Higher boiling pointOutline of Current LectureI. Freezing-Point-DepressionII. Osmosis and Dialysisa. Osmosis Pressurei. Hypotonicii. HypertonicCurrent LectureFreezing-Point-Depression:- When a solution freezes, crystals of pure solvent generally form. A solute is not usually soluble in a solid crystalline solvent. This lowers the freezing point of the solution compared to just freezing the solvent.- Freezing Point of the Solution: the temperature that crystals of pure solvent begin to form.- Equation for freezing point depression: ∆ Tf=Kf∗mo∆ Tf: decrease ∈freezing pointoKf: Freezing point depression constantom: Molality of the solute particlesOsmosis and Dialysis:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Osmosis: passage of solvent molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution- Dialyzing membrane: a membrane that allows water and small solute particles to pass through- Osmotic membrane: membrane that only allows small solvent molecules to pass, blocks solute molecules.- The tendency for solvent flow will be related to solute concentration- Solvent tends to flow toward the solution with higher solute concentration.- Osmotic Pressure: pressure required to stop solvent flow from pure solvent into a solution. (π ¿o Depends only on molarity.- Osometer: a device for measuring osmotic pressure.- Osmotic Pressure Equation: π = MRTo M: molarity of the solutiono R: ideal gas constant (.0821)o T: Kelvin temperature- Hypotonic: solution with lower osmotic pressure and high solute concentration. Solvent flows out of the cell and causes the cell to shrivel- Hypertonic: solution of higher osmotic pressure and low solute concentration. Solvent flows into the cell and caused the cell to swell and burst- Isotonic: when the solutions have the same osmotic
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