GENE 412 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Disassortative Mating SelectionII. ExamplesIII. Adding Mixtures of two species into one populationOutline of Current Lecture I. Genetic DrifII. Genetic Drif Within and among a populationIII. Founder EffectsCurrent LectureI. Genetic Drif a. Chance events control populationsi. Dr. Johnston is fascinated by thisb. Characteristicsi. There is no direction, therefore predictions about where a population is headed cannot be madeii. Changes in a population accumulate overtimeiii. Has endpoint at p = 1 or p = 0iv. Amount of change related to population sizev. Species as a whole (not population) still follow binomial distributionc. Equilibrium can be predicted by binomial rulei. (N!/(X!(N-X)!)*px * (1-p)N-xii. Genetic Drif changes these predictionsiii. Leaving this equilibrium eventually causes a population to become fixed (loose variation)d. Equations for Variance of p i. P = pq/2NII. Genetic Drif Within and among a populationa. Within a populationi. p is either 1 or 0ii. Variation is lostiii. Increased Homozygosity by descent (inbreeding)iv. Change accumulates These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Among populations (Species)i. Expp = pii. Variation is maximized iii. Identity by descent increasesIII. Founder Effectsa. Population Bottlenecksi. New Frequencies ii. Loose variationiii. Increase F (inbreeding coefficient)b. Definition of how we measure Genetic Drifi. Does population actually drif at (pq/2N)1. Ideally yesii. Ideal assumptions1. Constant size2. Same number of males and females (Sex Ratio)3. Number of offspring per female = Poisson Distribution 4. Mean of population = Variance of