PHI 237 1st Edition Lecture 6Meta Ethics Cont.- Ethics is a product of culture and subculture- Moral facts to purge upon and discover- Morality is sometimes subjective- Subjectivity moralityo Beliefs will not change how we will view others12) There’s more agreement than you think- Some things look like moral disagreement but its not- All moral claims will be false- But moral claims can be true  like abortion is wrong  not describing property of wrongness describing beliefs and attitudes- Abortion is wrong to be at the description of self o You disapprove of abortion  describing selfo What you disapprove of- Your belief  abortion is wrong  describing self so its true14) Descriptive subjectivism  vanilla ice-cream  / vanilla ice-cream - Doesn’t seem to be accurate just disagreeing with each other- Change mind earlier benefits wrong- Describing world accurately- Subjectivism claims aren’t that accurate15) Expressivity Subjectivism  instead of describing attitude you are expressing the attitude you are expressing the attitude- Moral claims are expressions of feelings- One subjective of describing attitudeo Disapprove abortion and sincere- Expressing isn’t making it true or false- Descriptive claims like the world is flat- Not commands  true / false** Are there morally truths? **These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- In the end you wont change behavior because you will be mad and outraged- Deepest moral commitments and values if not the you wont change you conduct and values- Your beliefs are universal; subjective and objective and behavioro Wont change  act upon it** Hate to see people suffer?  Morally behavior? **Shoemaker  Embryos, Souls and Four Dimensions1) Embryos  frozen, unwanted and researches use them to learn- Some are frozen and given to science- Destroy embryo to get researcho Induce other cells to transformo Early cells produced by destruction of embryos- Can get stem cells through abortion- Adult stem cells is anything but embryos2) Right when sperm and egg meet a soul is put here and a soul is what make us a human being and gives us great value- Destroy a soul is destroying a human being 6) If you are religious you shouldn’t hold view when sperm and egg meet that there is a soul- Says that you shouldn’t be opposed to research with a soul at fertilizationReligious1) Fertilization is a miracle  shoemaker argues that a soul show up later when harvesting stem cells there is no destruction2) Substance (humans, dogs, cats) have properties and continue over time- Soul will be a substance with rational nature- There with capacity to produce rational thoughts4) Souls are not made up of atoms  have no weight and size- Immaterial; ghost like, mysterious- People believe in it because of religious / non religious - Obscure notion shouldn’t make laws on theories of souls5) Emphasize religious rights and cant do anything about it  recognition on individual rights- Separation of church and state  reasons on different views- ** Public reason limit to certain principles and certain arguments and soul will be one of those principles- Diverse political regime  certain are not political for law- Deeper6) No public policy for critiquing some views  publically put for:- Shoemaker is interested in private legitimacy- Even in private life want to get reasons not to be opposed- ** Public reason separate of church and state is philosophical reasonWhat do Souls do?1) Souls distinguishes life and death - Animates body - Artificially intelligence- Soul unifies body  makes it living2) Souls makes 2 people identical at 1 point in time4) Souls make it possible to feel and reason - Believe in souls because makes sense of after life- Soul is a simple thing - Something simple with out parts- Nature experiences it