Psyc 3110 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of last lectureI. Attitudes and its componentsA. AffectiveB. BehavioralC. CognitiveII. Measuring AttitudesD. Reference GroupsE. Mere Exposure EffectOutline of Current lectureII. Deliberate attitudesF. Cognitive dissonance theoryIII. Influences and over coming dissonanceIV. Self-perception theoryV. Theory of planned behaviorDeliberate attitudes: based on conscious thought- As humans we strive for consistency so we generally like our attitude to be consistent as wello Also known as cognitive consistencyo When our attitudes conflict it can make us uncomfortableCognitive Dissonance theory- Proposed by Festinger- Basically discourses what happened when our attitudes don’t match our behavioro Example: College students were asked to complete a boring task ad then told to tell the nest participant tat the task was fun. Some participants were paid $1 and some $20.o Reinforcement theories suggest that the second group would report liking the task more but the reverse was found. The group who was paid less enjoyed it more because they had to justify getting paid less. (They changed their attitudes)Influences on dissonance- Perceived Choice: When we don’t have a lot of control over a situation dissonance is lowThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Justification of Cost: when a heavy price has been paid dissonance is higher. This is why people work at places they don’t like- Cultural influences- Can vary from person to person. Some people are more comfortable with dissonanceOver coming dissonance- We can change our attitudes or behavior - Add different cognitive components- “Alter the importance of the discrepancy” its okay to do it once in a while- Less perceived choice or having to do something - Self-affirmationPostdecision dissonance: this happen after we make a decision1. Disregard positive aspects of alternatives2. Downplay negative aspects **We want to feel confident that we made the right choice so this helps us feel satisfied**Self-Perception Theory: attitudes can form from observing our behavior- Happens for attitudes we have no thought about- We can look at our reactions to things and understand our attitudes that way- The stronger our attitudes the more time we have spent thinking about them- Observations are the most important when our attitudes are vagueo Can help explain how implicit attitudes evolve into explicit attitudesTheory of Planned behavior: looks at intentions as an important component of our behavior- What do we plan to do as being the best predictor of what we actually will do- Have to have an intention. Intentions are influenced by three thingso Attitudeso Norms- what are the peoples around us attitude to what we want to doo Perceived control- is it even